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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are complications of bacterial meningitis?
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-thrombosis of inflammed vessels: infarction
-scarring of meninges: blocked CSF: hydrocephalus -CN damage |
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what bacteria account for meningitis by age?
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infant: ecoli, Group B Strep, H influ
children: pneumococcus adolescents: neisseria meningiditis adults: pneumococcus, listeria |
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what is the only way granulation tissue forms in the brain?
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in a bacterial abscess. granulation tissue, complete with fibroblasts and collagen deposition forms
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what can chronic TB do to the CNS? micro features? clinical sequela?
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-meningoencephalitis, epidural granuloma (spinal, not rostral)
-micro: lymphs and plasma cells -may have fibrosis of arachnoid - hydrocephalus; can also lead to infarcts; endarteritis -> infarct -also Pott's disease - spread to spine |
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tertiary syphilis in CNS
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-tabes dorsalis
-can also lead to great mood alterations, "general paresis of the insane" |
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what viruses infect:
meninges: temporal lobes: dorsal ganglia: motor neurons: cholinergic neurons: oligodendrocytes: |
meninges: coxsackie, echo, mumps
temporal lobes: HSV dorsal ganglia: herpes zoster motor neurons: Polio, West Nile (both in spinal cord) cholinergic neurons: rabies oligodendrocytes: JC Virus |
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west nile virus: how does it infect, where, prognosis
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from mosquitos, infects anterior horn, 99% recover, 1% die or survive with paralysis. Similar infection to Poliomyelitis
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what is the H in TORCH
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HSV can lead to a fatal encephalitis, in the temporal lobe. it can be transmitted to fetus
or HIV |
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rabies mostly comes from
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bats
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how does rabies travel to the CNS
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via motor pathways, ie Cholinergic neurons
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what is the C in TORCH complex
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CMV. can lead to ventriculoencephalitis. usually only in fetus, or in immunocompressed
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HIV in the CNS: what cells cause damage
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macrophages and microglia - they are normally held in check, but in HIV they go rampant and do damage to brain
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4 common CNS infections in aids
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CMV, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus - meningitis, PML from JC virus
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what viral disease may appear like MS grossly, but has a history of rapid progression. what kind of cells does it infect
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Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy
. infects oligos and astros |
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crypto:
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soil, pigeons
-AIDS -primarily lungs. -meningitis -big mucin capsule, stain w/ India Ink |
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aspergillosis
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seen in neutropenia (after a BMT). invades vessel walls - infarctions.
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what fungal disease is seen in diabetic pts?
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Mucormycois. it invades vessels, leads to infarctions
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candidiasis
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-from indwelling caths, chemotherapy and thus neutropenia.
-in CNS - microabscesses - lesions in parenchyma or ependymal cells |
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what is T of TORCH
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toxoplasmosis. parasite that can go to fetus, can infect CNS as an encephalitis
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prions again...
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can be sporadic/familial/iatrogenic(grafts)/ acquired
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