Mrad1161 Radiographic Imaging Of Chest And Abdomen

Front 1

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Back 1

congenital abnormality, thickened pyloric sphincter, projectile vomiting

Front 2

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Back 2

confirmed with ultrasound or S&D exam

Front 3

esophageal atresia

Back 3

failure of esophagus to develop as a continuous passage ending in a blind pouch

Front 4

tracheoesophageal fistula

Back 4

congenital or acquired communication between trachea and esophagus

Front 5

tracheoesophageal fisulta

Back 5

lead to severe and fatal pulmonary complications such as aspiration pneumonia

Front 6

megacolon

Back 6

Hirchsprung's disease in children

Front 7

megacolon

Back 7

congenital abnormality where absence or marked reduction of parasympathetic ganglion cells in colorectal wall causes immobility and severe constipation resulting in enlarged colon

Front 8

mechel's divertivulum

Back 8

congenital. small pouch in wall of large intestine near the junction of the small and large intestine. pouch is remnant of tissue from prenatal development of the digestive system producing acid causing ulcers in bowel

Front 9

mechel's diverticulum - exam

Back 9

small bowel contrast

Front 10

GERD

Back 10

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 11

GERD

Back 11

backflow of gastric contents into esophagus

Front 12

GERD develops when

Back 12

lower esophageal sphincter fails

Front 13

GERD produces

Back 13

burning chest pain

Front 14

GERD demonstrated by

Back 14

barium study of esophagus

Front 15

esophageal spasm occurs at

Back 15

esophagogastric junction

Front 16

esophageal spasm condition

Back 16

dyspahgia

Front 17

esophageal spasm

Back 17

barium swallow shows irregularity in esophageal wall indicating mucosal destruction

Front 18

esophageal varices

Back 18

dilated veins in the wall of the esophagus most commonly due to portal hypertension

Front 19

esophageal varices RA

Back 19

serpiginous thickening of folds, which appear as round of oval filling defects during a barium study of esophagus

Front 20

define serpiginous

Back 20

wavy border

Front 21

achalasia

Back 21

neuromuscular disorder where gastroesophageal sphincter fails to relax

Front 22

achalasia RA

Back 22

barium study demonstrating progressively dilated esophagus with narrowing distal end

Front 23

hiatial hernia

Back 23

anatomical abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and up into the chest cavity

Front 24

hiatial hernia RA

Back 24

demonstrated by S&D. may be demonstrated on CXR or as soft tissue mass with air fluid level

Front 25

small bowel obstruction

Back 25

blockage of the small intestine due to adhesions from previous surgeries, hernia, intussusception, neoplastic or inflammatory strictures or vascular insufficiency

Front 26

small bowel obstruction RA

Back 26

demonstrated on either upright or decubitus abdomen - air fluid levels will be seen and loops of bowel distended

Front 27

inguinal hernia

Back 27

occurs in groin area, when an organ (usually part of intestine) protrudes through the abdominal wall into inguinal canal

Front 28

intussusception

Back 28

telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into anoyther because or peristalsis (forces the proximal segment of bowel to move distally within the ensheathing outer portion

Front 29

intussusception

Back 29

major cause of bowel obstruction in children

Front 30

neoplastic stricture

Back 30

stricture due to a tumor or growth

Front 31

inflammatory stricture

Back 31

stricture due to inflammation

Front 32

vascular insufficinecy

Back 32

not enough blood supply to certain parts

Front 33

examples of inflammatory strictures

Back 33

crohn's or ulcerative colitis

Front 34

examples of vascular insufficiency

Back 34

arteriosclerosis

Front 35

crohn's disease

Back 35

chronic inflammatory disorder, involves all layers of intestinal wall, ulceration and fistulas are common, most often involves terminal ileum and/or proximal portion of colon

Front 36

crohn's diseases RA

Back 36

barium studies show irregular thickened mucosal folds, cobblestoned appearance or string sign and skip lesions. CT also demonstrates thick mucosal walls

Front 37

ileus

Back 37

inhibition of intestinal motility. occurs to some extent in all patients who undergo abdominal surgery

Front 38

ileus RA

Back 38

retention of large amounts of gas and fluid in dilated small and large bowel with no demonstrable point of obstruction

Front 39

diverticulosis

Back 39

out pouchings (herniations) of mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers at points of weakness in the bowel wall (diverticulosis)

Front 40

main cause of diverticulosis

Back 40

low fiber diets

Front 41

diverticulitis

Back 41

complication of diverticular disease, especially in sigmoid region. retained fecal material trapped in a diverticulum causes inflammation and possible perforation

Front 42

crohn's location

Back 42

typically affects the terminal ileum of small bowel and/or proximal portion of colon

Front 43

ulcerative colitis location

Back 43

typically affects the rectosigmoid region of colon and may spread to involve entire colon

Front 44

polyps

Back 44

growth that arises from mucosa of large intestine, removed due to cancer or risk of cancer, no symptoms until later stages

Front 45

malignant polyp

Back 45

sessile lesion with an irregular or lobulated surface

Front 46

colorectal cancer

Back 46

most adenocarcinomas are found in rectum and sigmoid

Front 47

colorectal cancer RA

Back 47

barium enema will demonstrate apple core or napkin ring filling defect or demonstrate polyp larger than 2cm

Front 48

volvulus

Back 48

refers to twisting of bowel on itself, most frequently involves cecum or sigmoid colon

Front 49

volvulus RA

Back 49

distended and displaced cecum, BE to confirm, distended rectum without haustral markings (birds beak sign)

Front 50

cholelithiasis

Back 50

commonly referred to as gallstones. made of cholesterol making most stones radiolucent unless they contain some calcium

Front 51

cholelithiasis RA

Back 51

ultrasound to confirm or ERCP

Front 52

pneumoperitoneum

Back 52

free air in peritoneal cavity, caused by perforation of bowel

Front 53

pneumoperitoneum RA

Back 53

easiest to recognize sickle shaped lucency right side up CXR or abdominal image. also decubitus abdominal or CT to demonstrate