Mr. Mcnamara's U.s. History Comp Review Local

Front 1

Kansas Nebraska Act

Back 1

Sponsored by Stephen Douglas in the Senate

Created Kansas and Nebraska territories, both decide slavery through popular sovereignty

No more 36 degree 30 minute line per Missouri Compromise

Causes rush of settlers into Kansas, violence

Front 2

Dred Scott Decision

Back 2

U.S. Supreme Court application of Judicial review (deciding that Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional)

Decision legalized slavery throughout the United States

Court decided that Scott was not a citizen and could not sue for his freedom in federal court

Front 3

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Back 3

Authored by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe

Depicted cruelty of slavery

Sold millions of copies, sparked outrage in South and persuaded northerners to abolitionist cause

Front 4

John Brown's Raid

Back 4

Raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia in 1854 by abolitionist John Brown

Attempt to capture weapons from the federal armory and start a slave rebellion

Resulted in Brown's capture and execution

Polarized northern and southern opinion on the issue of slavery

Front 5

Fort Sumter

Back 5

Federal outpost in South Carolina attacked by Confederates

First shots fired in the Civil War

Resulted in Lincoln calling for 75,000 volunteers to fight

Front 6

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 6

Lincoln's military order freeing all slaves in Confederate territory

Did not free slaves in the border states

Encouraged slaves in south to escape, hurting Confederate economy

Opposed by many northern Democrats who only wanted to restore the Union.

Front 7

Total War

Back 7

The targeting and destroying of both military and civilian resources

Front 8

Battle of Gettysburg

Back 8

Battle in small town in Pennsylvania in July of 1863

Union victory was a turning point in the Civil War,

Gettysburg was the last time Confederate forces would fight on Union soil.

After victory, many northerners believed Confederacy could be defeated

Front 9

Reconstruction

Back 9

The process of rebuilding the South and reuniting the nation after the Civil War

Lasted from 1865 to 1877

Front 10

Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction

Back 10

Wanted to reunite the nation as quickly as possible

Offered amnesty to southern states in return for their abolishing slavery

Also require 10% of states' voters to swear oath of loyalty to Union (the "Ten Percent Plan")

Front 11

Jim Crow Laws

Back 11

Laws passed throughout the south after the end of Reconstruction allowing for segregation, the forced separation of blacks and whites

Upheld by the Supreme Court in the Plessy v. Ferguson
case in 1896 under the "separate but equal" doctrine

Front 12

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 12

Built after the Pacific Railway Act gave railroad companies loans and land grants

Two companies, Union Pacific and Central Pacific, led the race

Connected East and West of nation after the two railroads connected at Promontory Point, Utah

Front 13

Homestead Act of 1862

Back 13

Gave government owned land to small farmers to settle west

Citizens or immigrants planning to become citizens could receive 160 acres of land

Front 14

Second Industrial Revolution

Back 14

Led to improvements in steel manufacturing, the use of oil as a power source, and electricity for light bulbs, telegraphs, and streetcars

Led to the improved communications through the expansion of telegraph and telephone lines

Front 15

Knights of Labor

Back 15

Was a labor union committed to using collective bargaining to improve the wages and working conditions of its members

Was blamed by many for the violence in the Haymarket Riots

Its membership included women, unskilled labor, and workers of any race

Front 16

Pullman Strike

Back 16

Staged in May 1894 by workers protesting layoffs and wage cuts in the railroad industry

Headed by union leader and socialist Eugene V. Debs

Resulted in the stopping of railroad traffic and the eventual ordering of federal troops by President Cleveland to stop the strike

Front 17

Growth of Cities

Back 17

Cities grew rapidly in late 1800s in response to population growth, massive immigration

Resulted in overcrowding, especially in poorer immigrant neighborhoods

Also led to poor sanitation and resulting disease and ill health

Increase in population and improvements in steel technology led to the development of taller buildings and bigger department stores

Front 18

National Grange

Back 18

An organization dedicated to improve the lives of farmers

Made up of cooperatives that bought and sold goods in bulk (large quantities)

Also called for greater regulation of railroads and grain elevators

Front 19

Gilded Age

Back 19

Term coined (created) by Mark Twain in a book he co-authored by the same name

Term refers to an age of corruption hidden by the appearance of wealth and prosperity

Front 20

progressives

Back 20

Reformers motivated to solve problems caused by rapid industrialization and urban growth such as corruption, crime, disease, and poverty

Front 21

muckrakers

Back 21

Journalists that wrote about corruption in business and politics

Muckrakers' investigations exposed the ugly side of child labor, unsafe and unfair business practices, and urban housing

Front 22

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Back 22

1911 Fire that broke out in a New York clothing factory, leading to the deaths of 146 workers

Led to legislation such as improved factory safety standards and workers compensation laws

Front 23

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Back 23

Leaders of women's suffrage movement

Founded National Womens Suffrage Association (NWSA)

Helped win support for passage of 19th amendment in 1920

Front 24

Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Policy

Back 24

Became President after assassination of President William McKinley in 1901

His “Square Deal” was a policy of balancing the interests of business, labor and consumers for the public good

Strongly favored conservation of natural resources through the creation of national monuments and a vast increase in national parks

Became well known for his efforts at the regulation of railroads, food safety, and “trust busting” of bad trusts that hurt the public

Front 25

Annexation of Hawaii

Back 25

Pacific islands taken over by U.S. in 1898, became a state in 1959

Caused mainly by the demand in sugar crop

Revolt by sugar plantation owners eventually led to imprisonment of Queen Liliuokalani and U.S. annexation

Front 26

Theodore Roosevelt's Foreign Policy

Back 26

His “Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine gave the U.S. a more active role in Latin America to intervene and “police” the Western Hemisphere

He strongly supported the building of the Panama Canal

He once characterized it by the proverb, “speak softly and carry a big stick.”

Front 27

New technologies of WWI

Back 27

First time poison gas, planes, and tanks, were used in warfare

characterized by "trench warfare"

Front 28

isolationism

Back 28

avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations

characterized ling tradition in U.S. foreign policy since President Washington's farewell address

Front 29

Causes of U.S. entry into WWI

Back 29

German sinking of British passenger ship Lusitania with 128 Americans on board

German violation of neutrality and unrestricted submarine warfare

The interception and publication of the Zimmerman note, which promised Mexico help in reconquering lost territory in exchange for an alliance

Front 30

armistice

Back 30

The formal suspension (ending) of hostilities between nations

Front 31

Prohibition

Back 31

The abolition (banning, or prohibiting) of the production and sale of alcohol

18th amendment established nation wide prohibition

21st amendment repealed prohibition

Front 32

Henry Ford

Back 32

The founder of the Ford Motor Company whose use of the assembly line revolutionized American manufacturing

Front 33

Mass production of the Model T

Back 33

Led to the widespread purchase of affordable automobiles by a growing middle class,

Caused a growing demand for gasoline and oil production to power greater numbers of cars

Resulted in more extensive travel by Americans, and the development of new businesses such as auto repair shops and gas stations

Front 34

The Jazz Age

Back 34

often referred to the the 1920's based on the period's popularity of blues, jazz, and ragtime music

featured artists such as Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong

Front 35

Harlem Renaissance

Back 35

An important period in African American artistic growth, centered in New York City in the 1920s

Featured writers such as Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston

Front 36

Causes of the Great Depression

Back 36

Overproduction and under consumption

Unequal distribution of wealth and fewer families able to afford many products

Decline in international trade from declining demand in Europe and tariffs on imports to the U.S.

Front 37

Stock Market Crash

Back 37

Characterized by a bull market characterized by lots of buying on margin (credit) and speculation

Marked the beginning of the Great Depression

Front 38

Herbert Hoover's Policies

Back 38

To tackle the depression, Hoover relied on private industry and charities, with very little intervention by the federal government

Failed to end the depression, and Hoover was commonly blamed for making it worse

Front 39

Dust Bowl

Back 39

A severe drought in the mid-1930s that struck the Great Plains

Caused many farmers to move west in order to survive

Front 40

Axis Powers

Back 40

Military alliance between Italy, Germany, and Japan in World War II

Front 41

Allied Powers

Back 41

Military alliance between the United States, France, Britain, and the Soviet Union in World War II

Front 42

Adolf Hitler

Back 42

Wrote a book called Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”), which blamed Communists, Jews and intellectuals for WWI and Germany’s later economic troubles

Was a leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party

After becoming chancellor of Germany he took dictatorial power and formed the Third Reich

Front 43

Lend Lease Act

Back 43

A law allowing President Roosevelt to loan $7 billion in weapons and supplies to help support Britain during the early days of WWII

Front 44

Pearl Harbor

Back 44

Bombing of U.S. naval forces by Japanese in Hawaii on December 7, 1941

Led to U.S. declaring war on Japan and formally entering World War II

Front 45

D-Day

Back 45

A massive invasion of German-occupied France on June 6, 1944

Became a turning point on the western front for the Allies in WWII

Front 46

island hopping

Back 46

The Allied strategy of gradually moving closer to the Japanese homeland while establishing new bases at key islands and isolating Japanese troops on others

Front 47

Manhattan Project

Back 47

The enormous effort by over 600,000 people, including world class scientists, to develop an atomic bomb

Led to the first and only use of atomic weapons by the U.S. against Japan in WWII

Front 48

The Holocaust

Back 48

The attempt by Hitler and the Nazis to murder the Jews of Europe and other groups such as Gypsies, Slavs, and political and religious dissidents (opposition groups)

Led to the trial of many ex-Nazi officials for war crimes and genocide

Front 49

Cold War

Back 49

The period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after the end of World War II

Began in 1945 with the end of the second world war until 1989 with the collapse of the Soviet Union

Front 50

Iron Curtain

Back 50

The political, military, and ideological divide between the Soviet Union and the West

Famously remarked by Winston Churchill that it “descended” across Europe after the end of World War II

Front 51

Berlin Airlift

Back 51

U.S. airlift of supplies to West Berlin following a Soviet blockade of the city

Increased tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S.