Movements Of The Upper Limb

Front 1

flexion of the upper limb

Back 1

pectoralis major and anterior fibers of the deltoid (aided by coracobrachialis and biceps)

Front 2

extension of the upper limb

Back 2

latissimus dorsi and posterior fibers of the deltoid

Front 3

medial rotation

Back 3

subscapularis (aided by pec major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major)

Front 4

lateral rotation

Back 4

infraspinatus, teres minor (aided by posterior deltoid)

Front 5

abduction in scapular plane

Back 5

deltoid and supraspinatus (keeps head of humerus in the glenoid fossa, prevents deltoid from pulling head upward under acromion)

Front 6

full abduction of the scapula

Back 6

rotates laterally by the serratus anterior and upper fibers of the trapezius

Front 7

abduction in the coronal plane

Back 7

involves extension, lateral rotation, and abduction

Front 8

adduction of the upper limb

Back 8

against resistance are the pec major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, against gravity controlled by relaxation of middle deltoid and supraspinatus

Front 9

rotation of scapula

Back 9

inferior angle moves laterally and glenoid cavity upward, prime rotator is the serratus anterior where it attaches to the inferior angle, opposite motion by levator scapulae and rhomboids

Front 10

elevation of the scapula

Back 10

levator scapulae and upper fibers of the trapezius

Front 11

depression of scapula against resistance

Back 11

lower fibers of trapezius and serratus anterior

Front 12

protraction of the scapula (pushing, thrusting, punching)

Back 12

glenoid cavity faces more anteriorally; serratus anterior antagonized by rhomboids

Front 13

retraction of scapula (bracing shoulders)

Back 13

middle fibers of trapezius and rhomboids

Front 14

circumduction

Back 14

combined flexion, extension, abductions, and adduction