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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some variables that influence motor learning? |
pre-practice considerations practice feedback |
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What are some pre-practice considerations for motor learning? |
patient understanding the purpose of the task patient's interest in the task demonstration Pre-practice verbal instruction patient's attention |
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Motor learning occurs as a direct result of what? |
practice |
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The amount, type, and variability of practice is determines by what? |
-type of skill -patient's stage of motor learning -patient's cognitive status |
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What are the practice conditions? |
whole vs. part Mass vs. distributed constant vs. variable blocked order vs. random order guidance vs. discovery physical vs. mental |
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What is whole vs. part? |
whole: the entire task performed together; most effective for continuous and discrete Part: practice in parts, most effective in early stages of learning |
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What is mass vs. distributed? |
mass: practice time in a trial is greater than rest, may result in fatigue and increase risk of injury distributed: rest time is equal or greater than practice time |
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What is constant vs. variable? |
constant: most essential when learning tasks with minimal variation variable: most essential when learning tasks that are likely to be performed in variation; has an increase in the ability to adapt and generalize learning |
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What is blocked vs. random order? |
blocked: practice of task performed in the same order; appropriate during cognitive stage; may be preferable in patient with cognitive deficits random: slight variation of the same task; may be included later; leads to better skill retention and generalizability |
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What is guidance vs. discovery? |
guidance: physically assisting the learner during the task discovery: trial-and-error discovery |
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What is physical vs. mental practice? |
physical: movement are actually performed mental: cognitive rehearsal of how motor task is to be performed prior to actually executing it |
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What is feedback? |
sensory information that is received and processed by the learner during or after performing or attempting to perform a motor skill |
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What are the two types of feedback? |
1. intrinsic (inherent) 2. extrinsic (augmented) |
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What is intrinsic (inherent) feedback? |
feedback that comes through patient's various sensory systems patient "get the feel" of the movement |
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What is extrinsic (augmented) feedback? |
supplements intrinsic feedback may arise from a mechanical source or from another person |
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What are the two types of extrinsic feedback? |
1. Knowledge of results (KR) 2. Knowledge of performance (KP) |
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What is knowledge of results (KR)? |
terminal feedback regarding outcome of the movement |
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What is knowledge of performance (KP)? |
feedback related to movement pattern use to achieve the goal |
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What are the feedback schedules? |
concurrent post-response (terminal) immediate Delayed summary faded bandwidth variable (intermittent) constant |
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What is concurrent feedback? |
occurs during the performance of a task "real time" |
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What is post-response (terminal) feedback? |
occurs after completing or attempting to complete a motor skill |
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What is immediate feedback? |
information given directly after a task is completed |
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What is delayed feedback? |
given after a brief time delay |
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What is summary feedback? |
information that is given about the average performance of several repetitions |
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What is faded feedback? |
at first given every trial, than less frequently |
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What is bandwidth feedback? |
given only when performance is outside a given error range |
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What is variable (intermittent) feedback? |
occurs irregularly, randomly during practice of a motor task |
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What is constant feedback? |
occurs on a regular recurring, continuous basis during practice of a motor task |
