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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is motor control? |
studies the nature and control of movement |
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What is motor learning? |
studies the acquisition and/or modification of movement |
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What is the single most important variable in learning a motor skill? |
Practice |
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What produces permanent change in behavior? |
motor learning |
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What produces temporary change in behavior? |
motor performance |
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What are the 3 ways to measure motor learning? |
1. Retention 2. Generalizability 3. Automaticity |
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What are the 2 forms of learning? |
1. Declarative (explicit) 2. Non-declarative (implicit) |
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What are the 3 theories of motor learning? |
1. Schmidt's schema theory 2. Ecological Theory 3. Stages of motor learning theories |
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What are the 3 stages of motor learning theories? |
1. Fitts & Posner three-stage model 2. Systems 3 stage model 3. Gentile's 2 stage model |
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What does Schmidt's Schema theory state? |
Actions are not stored, we refer to abstract relationships or rules about movement |
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According to Schmidt's schema theory, every time a movement is conducted what 4 pieces of information are gathered? |
1. the initial condition 2. certain aspects of the motor action 3. The results of the action 4. The sensory consequences of the action |
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The relationship between the information gathered is used to construct what? |
Recall schema and recognition schema |
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A recall schema is based on what? |
initial conditions and the results to generate a motor program to address a new goal |
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A recognition schema is based on what? |
sensory actions and outcome |
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What are the limitations of Schmidt's schema theory? |
-mixed research support -difficulty explaining the first movement prior to schema's existance -does not explain cases of immediate skill acquisition |
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What does the ecological theory state? |
motor learning is a process that increases coordination between perception and action in a way that is consistent with the task and environmental constraints |
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What are the two main roles of the ecological theory? |
1. perspective 2. Feedback |
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What is perspective? |
understanding the goal of the task and the movements to be learned |
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What is feedback? |
during (knowledge of performance) and on completion (knowledge of results) of movement |
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How is the ecological theory applicable in the clinic? |
patients can learn to distinguish the relevant perceptual cues |
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What are the limitations to the ecological theory? |
-new theory -limited research |
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What is Fitts and Posner 3 stage model? |
relates the acquisition of skill and level of attention required over time |
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What is systems 3 stage model? |
relates acquisition of a skill and the degrees of freedom involved in the skill |
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What is Gentile's 2 stage model? |
relates the acquisition of a skill and the distinction of regulatory and nonregulatory features of the environment |
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What are the 3 stages of motor learning according to Fitts and Posner? |
1. Cognitive 2. Associative 3. Autonomous |
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What is the cognitive stage of learning? |
"what to do" stage -patient have to break skills apart -patient requires frequent feedback -requires a large amount of attention |
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What is the associative stage of learning? |
"how to do" stage -patient fine tunes skill -patient self-corrects errors -patient requires infrequent feedback |
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What is the autonomous stage of learning? |
"how to succeed" stage -movement are automatic -patient does not pay attention to task -requires low amounts of attention |
