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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is "Motor Learning"?
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A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability of movement.
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What learning is NOT...
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Inconsistent or transient
Dependent on cues Requires feedback |
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What are the three phases of motor learning?
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Cognitive
Associative Automatic |
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What is the "Cognitive Stage" of learning?
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Requires concentration, visual and verbal instruction, reliance on feedback, and usually results in rapid improvement.
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What is the "Associative Stage" of learning?
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Learner knows what to do, requires less effort, makes fewer errors, movement is more consistent but still requires proprioceptive or tactile cues, ready for a challenge.
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What is the "Automatic Stage" of learning?
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No need for cognitive processing, free of error, dual tasking, efficient movement patterns, self-analyzation and correction.
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What is "Blocked Practice"?
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Practicing one activity until the skill is mastered; good for performance, bad for retention.
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What is "Random Practice"?
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Practicing several discrete activities in random order; bad for performance, good for retention.
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What is a "Continuous Task"?
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Those that involve an activity of long duration containing cyclical movement of body parts; have no natural break; walking, riding a bike, running; "whole-task training"
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What is a "Discrete Task"?
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Those that have a definite and easily discernible starting and stoping point; standing up, washing hair, brushing teeth; "part-task training"
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Closed Task
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Supporting surfaces and task objects are stationary and do not vary; drinking from same cup, cooking with same utensils, standing from same chair.
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Open Task
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Unpredictable motion of supporting surfaces or task objects; playing a ball game, sitting in moving car.
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Closed Environment
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People and objects are stationary and little anticipation of movement is required; sitting in a classroom, using same bathroom, sleeping in your bed.
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Open Environment
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People and objects are unpredictable and there is anticipation of movement and timing of responses; walking in a crowd, using elevator, cooking with others, playing with children.
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Intrinsic Feedback
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Inherent to the action performed and is response produced.
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Extrinsic Feedback
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Given from an outside source; "augmented" feedback.
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Knowledge of Results
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Information given about the outcome of a movement; may be redundant.
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Knowledge of Performance
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Information given about the characteristics of a movement; used to perfect a skill or isolated task.
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Continuous Feedback
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Feedback given after every trial; good for performance, bad for learning; learning becomes dependent on the feedback.
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Summary Feedback
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Feedback withheld for a block of trials, and then given as a summary of success over that block; bad for performance, good for learning.
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Bandwidth Feedback
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Given only when the learner falls outside a predetermined margin of error; allows a "fading schedule" of feedback.
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Metacognition
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An awareness and monitoring of one's own cognitive state or condition; a self monitoring system; learner acts as a problem solver to achieve a goal and assess performance
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What are the components of metacognition?
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1. PLAN: Resource management and strategy use.
2. MONITOR: Self assessment. 3. EVALUATE: Judge the outcome and the process. |
