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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is motor control?
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The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement.
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What is the "Reflex Theory"?
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States that all reflexes combine to greater actions that constitute the behavior as a whole; reflexes are the basis of all movement.
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ATN Reflex
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Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex: A primitive reflex found in newborns, but vanishes around six months. Extension of limbs on the face side, and flexion of limbs on occipital side.
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STN Reflex
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Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex: A primitive reflex found in newborns, but vanishes around six months. Flexion of the UE's and extension of the LE's when the head is flexed and opposite when head is extended.
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TL Reflex
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Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex: A primitive reflex found in newborns, but vanishes around six months. Supine: Neck, trunk, and leg extension, arm and finger flexion. Prone: Neck, trunk, leg, and arm flexion.
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Limitations of the "Reflex Theory"
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We could only produce responses to sensory stimuli, could have no spontaneous movements, could not have fast movements, have no variation in response, and novel movement could not occur.
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What is the "Hierarchical Theory"?
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Control of movement is controlled hierarchically from the spinal cord, to the brain stem, to the cortex; development is attributed to a gradual increase in function of higher centers of motor control.
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Limitations of the "Hierarchical Theory"
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Motor development actually begins with many examples of purposeful movement; even higher levels of the CNS do not have enough neurons to control each joint and each muscle of perform motor tasks.
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What is the "Motor Programming Theory"?
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Based on motor programs which are activated by either conscious effort or reflexively; motor programs can operate separate from but are strengthened by sensory input; motor programs store rules for generating movements (synergies).
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Limitations of the "Motor Programming Theory"
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Motor programs cannot only determine behavior because musculo-skeletal, environmental, and motivational restraints change how we use movement.
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What is the "Dynamical Systems Theory"?
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Sees motor behavior as emerging from the dynamic cooperation of the many subsystems in a task-specific context; how different subsystems interact.
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What are some examples of subsystems in the "Dynamic Systems Theory"?
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Regulation
Environmental Comparing Sensorimotor Musculoskeletal Commanding |
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What is the difference between stable and unstable attractor states?
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An unstable attractor state, for example learning a new task, is behavior that is easy to change.
A stable attractor state, for example a habit, is a behavior that is very hard to change. Stable attractor states may destabilize when moving to a new environment. |
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What is the "Ecological Theory"?
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Individuals bring to themselves cognition, perception, and action. Perception of environment influences motor action; individuals need to actively explore their environment.
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What are "affordances"?
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Potential complementary relationships between the organism and the environment. Information specifying affordances is directly available to the perceptual system in the ambient optical array; an environmental property.
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What three things interact to cause movement?
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Nature of the TASK
Characteristics of the INDIVIDUAL Structure of the ENVIRONMENT |
