Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is posture?
|
The alignment of body segments with respect to one another and the surrounding environment.
|
|
|
Newtons Third Law
|
A state of equilibrium exists when the sum of the forces acting on a body is balanced.
|
|
|
Three common fall injuries?
|
Hip, Colles, and Vertebral Body Fractures
|
|
|
What is usually the cause of a fall?
|
A fall results when the body is unable to combat a challenge to its center of gravity by means of a postural control response, resulting in a loss of upright position, and consequently experiences an impact on a lower surface.
|
|
|
Examples of red flags for a fall include what?
|
A fall in the past 6 months.
Impaired vision, vestibular, or somatosensory input. Impaired posture. Loss of a limb. Pain. Diminished ROM. Weak hip extensors, abductors, and dorsiflexors. Impaired neurological systems. CV problems. GI problems. GU problems. Impaired cognition. Depression. Impaired memory. Fear of falling. Performing a task with high attentional demand. Medications. |
|
|
Three things related to posture?
|
Stabilization, alignment, and positioning.
|
|
|
Three sensory systems involved in maintaining balance?
|
Visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems.
|
|
|
Why is the visual system important?
|
We determine vertically by assessing vertically aligned objects in the environment.
We use proactive postural control. Children primarily use vision for balance. |
|
|
Why is the somatosensory system important?
|
We use proprioceptors in ligaments and capsules, stretch receptors in muscles, and posture receptors (esp. in feet).
|
|
|
Why is the vestibular system important?
|
The saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals (which are at right angles to each other) tell us if we are moving and where our head is in space.
|
|
|
"80-90% of all balance strategies are ________ in nature; A ________ strategy is better than a ___________ one."
|
proactive; proactive; reactive
|
|
|
Three reactive balance strategies?
|
Ankle, Hip, and Stepping Strategies
|
|
|
Ankle Strategy
|
Sway slow, small, and near midline.
There is distal to proximal contraction of muscles on the contralateral side of sway. |
|
|
Hip Strategy
|
Movement is large, fast, and away from midline.
There is proximal to distal muscle contraction of the ipsilateral side of movement displacement. |
|
|
Stepping Strategy
|
Movement is very rapid, and displaced beyond the limit of stability.
New BOS is established. |
|
|
The "Wall Lean" Exercise
|
Stand with your back to the wall (1 ft. away), shift weight to your heels keeping head in line with hips, and get as close as you can to the wall without touching.
|
|
|
The "Floor Clock" Exercise
|
Create a clock on the floor with tape, stand in the middle, touch 12, 3, 6 o'clock with R, then 6, 9, and 12 o'clock with L, then random.
|
|
|
What does "SPLATT" stand for?
|
Symptoms before the fall.
Previous falls. Location of the fall. Activity at time of fall. Time of day of fall. Trauma acquired. |
|
|
What is the Berg Balance Scale?
|
Includes 14 functional tasks.
Max. score is 56. No lower than 45. |
|
|
What is the Functional Reach Test?
|
Assesses dynamic standing balance.
|
|
|
What is the Timed Up and Go Test?
|
Measures in seconds the time taken to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back to chair, and sit.
Positive correlation with mobility skills. |
