B2 Movement In And Out Of Cells

Front 1

What are the levels of organisation within organisms from smallest to biggest?

Back 1

Organelles - Different parts of the cells
Cells - Smallest; functional unit, blocks, have specific functions
Tissue - Similar cells working in the same way (Photosynthesis occurs in the palisade tissue)
Organ - Groups of tissues working together (Leaf makes food and allows for gas exchange)
System - Organs working together (Heart and Blood Vessels are the circulatory system)
Organism - Made up of many organs/systems

Front 2

Describe the structure of an animal cell and a plant cell.

Back 2

Animal cells contains a cell membrane, a cytoplasm and a nucleus. Plant cells contains all of the above as well as chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell walls.

Front 3

What is the function of a nucleus?

Back 3

Controls what the cell does. Contains instructions to make new cells

Front 4

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Back 4

Chemical reactions go on inside the cytoplasm, which keep the cell alive.

Front 5

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Back 5

Thin skin around the cell. Gives cell shape and controls what goes in/out (partially permeable).

Front 6

What is the function of a cell wall?

Back 6

Outside the thin cell membrane. Made of tough cellulose which strengthens cell, provides support.

Front 7

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Back 7

Found in cells that carry out photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll to trap light energy.

Front 8

What is the function of a vacuole?

Back 8

Plant cell has a large permanent vacuole filled with a liquid called cell sap.

Front 9

What is the function of cell sap?

Back 9

Contains sucrose, water, amino acids, glucose, salts, stores materials, mechanical support for non-woody plants.

Front 10

What are the differences between plant cells and animal cells?

Back 10

Front 11

Define diffusion.

Back 11

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a lower concentration until they are spread out evenly.

Front 12

Define osmosis.

Back 12

The passage of water molecules from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane (the diffusion of water).

Front 13

Define active transport.

Back 13

The uptake of particles by cells against a concentration gradient. Active transport needs energy

Front 14

What is the difference between turgid and flaccid cells?

Back 14

Turgid cells are full of water and have a firm shape while when water passes out through osmosis (when placed in a strong solution), the cell becomes flaccid and the cell membrane peels away into the cell.

Front 15

How does the surface area:volume ratio affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells?

Back 15

The higher the surface area:volume ratio, the faster the rate of diffusion. More surface area increases the rate at which substances pass through the cell.

Front 16

How does the temperature affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells?

Back 16

Tempurature increases the rate of diffusion as particles have increased kinetic energy.

Front 17

How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells?

Back 17

The rate of the movement of substances is directly proportional to the concentration gradient. The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of movement.