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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Motor Unit
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Single motor neuron and all the muscle fiber it innervates
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Motor unit size is related to...?
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The size and degree of fine control in a muscle. The more control we need in an area, the more motor units that will be directed to that area
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Temporal Summation
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The adding up of twitchs (AP's) over time which leads to a muscle contraction
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Size principle
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Smaller motor units are recruited first then the Fast twitch fatigue-resistance (FR) if needed, then the fast twitch fatigueable (FF) if needed
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Central Pattern Generators (CPG)
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interneruons involved in motor programs for rhythmic, automatic movements like walking and breathing. Do not need sensory input
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Upper motor neurons
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-located entirely in CNS
-Start at crotex and go down the SC -corticospinal and rubrospinal pathways etc.. |
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What 3 classes do LMN's recieve inputs from
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-Central Pattern Generators
-Upper Motor Neurons -Higher Centers |
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Neuroplasticity
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The ability of the brain to change through experiences
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Corticobular tract (Orgin & Function)
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-Cerebral cortex responsible for head and face regions
-Voluntary movement of head, face, eyelids, lips |
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Corticobulbar tract neurons synapes on what CN's
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III, IV, VI
VII- V, XI, XII |
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Corticospinal tract neurons synapes where and how?
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Bilaterally on all the CN's except for VII where the innervation of the lower facial muscles decussate contralaterally
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If the Corticospinal tract is damaged, what other descending motor tracts can step in to help with voluntary movement
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Reticulospinal , Rubrospinal,
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Reticulospinal function
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Facilitates muscle tone
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Rubrospinal
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Innervates muscle flexors
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Tectospinal
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regulates posture in response to visual stimuli
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Vestibulospinal
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regulates posture in response to vestibular input
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Clasped knife effect
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When the muscle with spasticity gives way during stretching
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Clonus
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Sudden stretch causes a rapid series of contractions
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Basal Ganglia Function
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-"Kinetic System"
-Responsible for skill and speed of movement Primarily assosciate with motor control functions -Play a role in cognition, emotions, motivation |
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NT's of the Basal Ganglia
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Dopamine (excitatory) and Acetylcholine (inhibitory)
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