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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common Cause of pericarditis
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coxsackievirus
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Most common cardiomyopathy? and due to what?
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Dilated cardiomyopathy
Due to CAD or ischemia |
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Most common Congenital heart defect
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ventricular septal defect
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Most common Cyanotic congenital heart defect
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tetralogy of fallot
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Most common Cause of chest pain in outpatient setting
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musculoskeletal cause
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Most common Ulcer location in chronic venous insufficiency
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proximal to medial malleolus
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Most common Ulcer location in chronic arterial insufficiency
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distal toes or lateral aspect of affected extremity
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Most common Site for an acute embolic occlusion
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femoral artery
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Most common Cause of renovascular hypertension
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artherosclerosis
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Most common Chest x-ray finding with traumatic thoracic aortic injury
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widened mediastinum
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What inherited condition is associated with pulmonary embolism
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Factor V leiden mutation
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Most common Cause of atrial fibrillation
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HTN & Coronary arthrosclerosis
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Most common Valvular abnormality in adults
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Aortic stenosis
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Most common Valve abnormality in rheumatic heart disease
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Mitral stenosis
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Most common Valvular heart defect in US
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mitral valve prolapse
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Most common Cause of CHF
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Artherosclerotic coronary disease & HTN
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Most common Cause of arterial occlusive disease
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atherosclerosis
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Aortic catastrophe is also known as
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aortic dissection
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Most common Cause of secondary HTN
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Renal disease
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Most common Test for arterial insufficiency
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Ankle-brachial index
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Most common Cause of sudden cardiac death in adolescents
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Osler nodes, Janeway lesions, and Roth spots are found with what condition?
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Endocarditis
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Pain that is relieved by sitting forward plus a pericardial friction rub
DX? |
Pericarditis
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Young person passes out & dies playing a sport. What caused it?
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Delta wave on EKG caused by what condition?
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Wolff-Parkinson White
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Which murmur sounds "machine-like"?
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patent ductus arteriosus
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What is "Kussmaul sign "? And it happens with what condition?
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Increase in JVP during inspiration.
Due to constrictive pericarditis |
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What is Homan's sign?
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Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion, indicates a DVT
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An ulcer with a punched out appearance with pale or necrotic base is due to what condition?
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chronic arterial insufficiency
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Lower extremity edema & pigmentation changes are due to what condition?
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chronic venous insufficiency
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Beck's Triad includes what?
Indicates what condition? |
Hypotension
Elevated JVP Muffled heart sounds Indicates cardiac tamponade |
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Triad of Atrial Fibrillation
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Coronary artery disease
Mitral stenosis Hyperthyroidism |
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Triad of Aortic Stenosis
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Syncope
Angina Dyspnea |
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Virchow Triad includes what?
Indicates what conditon? |
Venous stasis
Vessel injury Hypercoagulable state Predisposes to PE/DVT |
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Triad of Endocarditis
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Fever
Murmur Septicemia |
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DVT is more common in ___ iliac vein
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Left more common than right
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U waves on EKG
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HYPOkalemia
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Peaked T waves on EKG
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HYPERkalemia
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Shortened QT interval on EKG
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HYPERcalcemia
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Prolonged QT interval on EKG
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HYPOcalcemia
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MC bacteria that causes acute endocarditis
MC that causes subacute |
Staph aureus
Strep viridans |
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First test if you suspect a DVT?
GOLD STANDARD to DX a DVT? |
Venous U/S
Venography |
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First test if u suspect a PE?
GOLD STANDARD to DX a PE? |
Spiral CT
Pulmonary angiography |
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GOLD STANDARD to DX CHF?
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Echocardiography
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GOLD STANDARD to DX an MI?
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Cardiac enzymes
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S1,Q3,T3 pattern on EKG indicates what condition?
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PE
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"Electrical alternans" on EKG and a "water bottle appearance on cardiac sillhouette on CXR.
DX? |
Pericardial effusion
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Boot shaped heart from what condition?
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RVH from Tetralogy of Fallot
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"Egg on a string" (narrow mediastinum) indicates what condition?
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Transposition of Great Vessels
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Lower BP in arms than the legs, and a "figure 3" sign on CXR indicate what condition?
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Coarctation of the Aorta
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Erythema marginatum with a "bathing suit distribution" indicates what condition?
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Rheumatic fever
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Murmur with a wide pulse pressure
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Aortic regurg
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Osborn wave (J wave)- upward deflection of S wave on EKG
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Hypothermia
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"diamond shaped murmur" on precordial chest
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Aortic stenosis
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Mid systolic click
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mitral valve prolapse
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opening snap murmur
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Mitral stenosis
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Dressler's syndrome happens when? and involves what?
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Post-MI syndrome, happens 1-2 wks after
Pericarditis, fever, leukocytosis, pericardial/pleural effusion |
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The most useful non-invasive test to diagnose angina
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exercise testing
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Definitive Dx prodecure to Dx angina
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Coronary angiography
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Most sensitive and most specific cardiac enzyme that rises first during an MI
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Troponin (I and T)
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1st drug of choice to treat CHF
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ACE-inhibitor
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An IV drug user with endocarditis. Bacteria responsible?
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Staph aureus
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Most common valve affected by endocarditis?
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Tricuspid
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Signs of an acute arterial occlusion
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Pain
Pallor Pulseless Paresthesia Paralysis |
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Most definitive test to Dx arterial occlusive disease
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Aortography
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