Mosby Review Radiation Protection

Front 1

ionizing radiation

Back 1

radiation that possess the ability to remove electrons from atoms by a process called ionization

Front 2

somatic effects

Back 2

refers to effects of radiation on the body being irradiated

Front 3

genetic effects

Back 3

refers to effects of radiation on a germ cell's genetic code; affects next generation

Front 4

natural background radiation

Back 4

radiation contained in the unpolluted environment

Front 5

artifically produced radiation

Back 5

also called man-made radiation (e.g. medical xrays)

Front 6

primary radiation

Back 6

radiation exiting the xray tube

Front 7

exit radiation
remnant radiation
image producing radiation

Back 7

xrays that emerge from the patient and strike the image receptor

Front 8

attenuation

Back 8

absorption and scatter (loss of intensity) of the xray beam as it passes through the patient

Front 9

hetergenous beam

Back 9

xray beam that contains photons of many different energies

Front 10

photoelectric effect

Back 10

absorption of xray photons in the atoms of the body

Front 11

compton efect

Back 11

scatter of xray phtoons from the atoms of the body

Front 12

roetgen (r)

Back 12

traditional unit of in-air exposure

Front 13

Coulumbs per kilogram (C/kg)

Back 13

SI unit of in-air exposure

Front 14

Rad

Back 14

traditional unit of absorbed dose

Front 15

Gray

Back 15

SI unit of absorbed dose

Front 16

Rad

Back 16

Traditional unit of a absorbed dose

Front 17

Gray

Back 17

SI unit of absorbed dose

Front 18

Rem

Back 18

traditional unit of equivalent dose and effective dose

Front 19

sievert

Back 19

si unit of equivalent dose and effective dose

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Curie

Back 20

traditional unit of activity

Front 21

Becquerel

Back 21

SI uit of activity

Front 22

NAS / NRC-BEIR

Back 22

National Academy of Sciences / Natl research council committee of Bio Effects of radiologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes resulting data

Front 23

NAS / NRC-BEIR

Back 23

studies biologic effects of ionizing radiation and publishes resulting data

Front 24

Effective Dose Limit

Back 24

the upper boundary dose that can be absorbed, either ina single exposure or annyally, with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual; effective dose implies whole body radiation exposure

Front 25

Cumulative effective dose (CED)

Back 25

limit lifetime occupational exposure must not exceed the radiographer's age multiplied by 1 rem

Front 26

Equivalent Dose

Back 26

equal to the absorbed dose mutiplied by the radiation weighting factor; formerly known as dose equivalent

Front 27

As Low as Reasonably Achieveable (ALARA)

Back 27

concept of radiologic pratec that encourages radiation users to adopt measures that keep the dose to the patient and themselves at minimal levels

Front 28

Dose Response Curves

Back 28

Graphs that illustrate the relationship between radiation dose and the response of the organism to exposure; may be linear or nonlinear, thrshold or nonthreshold

Front 29

Stochastic Effects

Back 29

randoomly occuring effects of radiation; the probability of such effects is proportional to the dose (increased dose
equals increased probability, not severity of effects)

Front 30

Deterministic Effects

Back 30

effects of radiation that become more severe at high levels of radiation exposure and do not occur below a certain threshold

Front 31

genetically significant dose (GSD)

Back 31

average annual gonadal dose of radiation to individuals of childbearing age; addresses the relationship of gonadal doses to individuals versus an entire population and the overall effects

Front 32

Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

Back 32

amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit length of tissue

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Relative Bilogical Effectiveness (RBE)

Back 33

ability to produce biologic damage; varies with the LET

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Direct Effect

Back 34

occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the cellullar nucleus

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Indirect Effect

Back 35

occurs when radiation strikes the water molecules in the cytoplasm of the cells

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Radiolysis of water

Back 36

occurs as the radiation energy is deposited in the water of the cell; the result of radiolysis is an ion pair in the cell: a positively charged water molecule (HOH+)and a free electron

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Mutation

Back 37

erroneous information passed to subsequent generations via cell division

Front 38

Law of Bergonie and Trbondeau

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cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing

Front 39

Early somative effects of radiation

Back 39

hematopeoietic sydrome; gastrointestinal (GI) syndreom; central nervous system syndrome

Front 40

Late somatic effects of radiation

Back 40

carcinogenesis; cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening

Front 41

Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection

Back 41

distance, time and shielding

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Distance

Back 42

Best Protection against exposure

Front 43

Personnel monitoring devices

Back 43

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) badge, film badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)

Front 44

Mean marrow dose

Back 44

average dose radiation to the bone marrow