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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION |
Not the immediate cause of an illness, but rather elements of disease that make one person more likely to suffer injury than another. |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: A___ |
AGE |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: S__ |
SEX |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: R___ |
RACE |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: O________ |
OCCUPATION |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: E_________ |
ENVIRONMENT |
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PREDISPOSING CONDITION: G______ |
GENETICS |
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NECROSIS |
Sequence of STRUCTURAL CHANGES following cell death in living tissue. |
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GANGRENE is caused by... |
INSUFFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY |
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GANGRENE occurs mainly in... |
LOWER EXTREMITIES |
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DRY GANGRENE results from... |
ARTERIAL or VENOUS OBSTRUCTION in lower limbs. |
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WET GANGRENE results from... |
SEPSIS or thriving bacteria in tissue. |
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GAS GANGRENE results from... |
CLOSTRIDIUM infection that produces gas within tissues (mostly visceral). |
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ATROPHY |
Shrinkage of cell due to LOSS OF SUBSTANCE. |
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ATROPHIC CELLS are NOT... |
DEAD, but rather adapting to insufficient resources |
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PATHOLOGICAL ATROPHY occurs as a result of... |
DISEASE or INJURY |
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PHYSIOLOGICAL ATROPHY occurs as a result of... |
AGE or SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE |
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HYPERTROPHY |
Increase in SIZE of CELLS (also results in increased size of organ or tissue). |
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PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERTROPHY |
Muscles adapting to increased demand by increasing in size. |
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PATHOLOGICAL HYPERTROPHY |
Damaged cells are inflamed or enlarged. Also scar tissue. |
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COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY |
Enlargement of an organ due to compensation for lack of a paired counterpart (a kidney, for instance). |
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HYPERPLASIA |
Increase in size of tissue or oran due to INCREASED NUMBER of CELLS. |
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METAPLASIA |
Cells regenerate after injury and one cell type is replaced by another that is more capable of growing and flourishing. |
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INFLAMMATION is the... |
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE against injury of cells. |
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FIVE CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION: C____, R_____, T_____, D____, F____ L____ |
CALOR, RUBOR, TUMOR, DOLOR, FUNCTIO LAESA |
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CALOR |
HEAT due to increased bloodflow |
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RUBOR |
REDNESS due to increased bloodflow |
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TUMOR |
SWELLING due to influx of fluids |
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DOLOR |
PAIN due to release of chemicals |
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FUNCTIO LAESA |
LOSS of FUNCTION |
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LESION |
Specific pathological, structural, or functional change brought about by disease. |
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ABSCESS |
Inflamed area of pus walled off by a membrane. |
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The purpose of an abscess's membrane is to... |
PROTECT SURROUNDING TISSUE |
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An ABSCESS is usually encased in... |
A FIBROUS CAPSULE |
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ULCER |
OPEN SORE/LESION of skin or mucous membrane. |
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ULCERS are accompanied by... |
Sloughing off of INFLAMED or NECROTIC tissue. |
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VESICLE |
BLISTER-LIKE elevation of skin containing SERIOUS FLUID. |
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FURUNCLE or BOIL |
Deep infection of HAIR FOLLICLE. |
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CARBUCLE |
Individual boils clustered together. |
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PUSTULE |
Small elevation of skin containing pus. |
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PUS |
Yellow/white/brown fluid found at the site of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infections. |
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PUS consists of... |
Protein-rich fibrous fluid and dead leukocytes. |
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EDEMA |
Localized or generalized condition in which tissues contain excess fluid. |
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EDEMA can be caused by INCREASED __________ in capillary walls. |
INCREASED PERMEABILITY |
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EDEMA can be caused by INCREASED CAPILLARY PRESSURE due to... |
VENOUS OBSTRUCTION or HEART FAILURE |
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EDEMA can be caused by I________ |
INFLAMMATION |
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EDEMA can be caused by ______ or _______ DISTURBANCES. |
FLUID or ELECTROLYTE |
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ANASARCA |
Severe, generalized EDEMA-- widespread swelling of skin due to fluid in extracellular space. |
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ANASARCA is usually caused by... |
LIVER and RENAL FAILURE |
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ASCITES |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in PERITONEAL CAVITY (abdomen). |
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ASCITES can cause... |
SEVERE DISTENTION of abdomen. |
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ASCITES is caused by... |
CIRRHOSIS and HEART FAILURE |
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HYDROTHORAX |
Accumulation of SEROUS FLUID in the PLEURAL CAVITY. |
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HYDROTHORAX is secondary to... |
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE |
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HYDROCELE |
Accumulation of fluids around the TESTICLE. |
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HYDROPERICARDIUM |
Fluid in PERICARDIAL CAVITY. |
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PITTING EDEMA |
Fluid under skin or in body cavity, resulting in severe pain or swelling. Skin will maintain a depression, or "pit," after being pressed. |
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HYPEREMIA |
Increased flow of blood in an area of the body. |
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ACTIVE HYPEREMIA |
Increased ARTERIAL (oxygenated) blood supply to an organ for physiological reasons. |
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ACTIVE HYPEREMIA occurs during... |
EXERCISE to supply muscles with oxygenated bloodflow. |
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ACTIVE HYPEREMIA can also be pathological due to... |
INFLAMMATION |
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PASSIVE HYPEREMIA |
Engorgement due to INADEQUATE VENOUS DRAINAGE |
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PASSIVE HYPEREMIA results in... |
CYANOSIS, or a reddish-blue discoloration |
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ISCHEMIA |
RESTRICTION of blood supply to a particular area. |
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ISCHEMIA is caused by... |
PROBLEMS with BLOOD VESSELS, whether they be intravascular (thrombosis, emboli) or extravascular (trauma) |
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THROMBOSIS |
Formation of BLOOD CLOT inside a vessel |
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COMMON CAUSE of THROMBOSIS: _______ or _____ to vascular system. |
INJURIES or TRAUMA |
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COMMON CAUSE of THROMBOSIS: _______ _____ of bloodflow. |
REDUCED RATE |
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COMMON CAUSE of THROMBOSIS: alterations in ________ _________. |
BLOOD COMPOSITION. |
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COMMON CAUSE of THROMBOSIS: certain _______ of the blood. |
DISEASES |
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THROMBOSIS can cause H______ A______, G________, S______ |
HEART ATTACKS, GANGRENE, and STROKE |
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EMBOLISM |
Lodging of an EMBOLUS or blockage inside a blood vessel. |
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EMBOLISM involves a... |
FREE-FLOATING OBJECT in the bloodstream. |
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EMBOLI include: C____, P_____, B_____, C_____ C____, F___, and A__ B___ |
CLOTS, PLAQUES, BACTERIA, CANCER CELLS, FAT, and AIR BUBBLES |
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HEMORRHAGE |
Escape of blood from vascular system. |
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COMMON CAUSE of HEMORRHAGE: T_____ |
TRAUMA |
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COMMON CAUSE of HEMORRHAGE: V_____ D______ |
VASCULAR DISEASE |
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COMMON CAUSE of HEMORRHAGE: H____ B_____ P______ |
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE |
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COMMON CAUSE of HEMORRHAGE: D______ of B_______ |
DISEASES of BLOOD |
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HEMORRHAGE PER RHEXIS |
Usually caused by TRAUMA, due to rupture of a blood vessel. |
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HEMORRHAGE PER DIAPEDESIS |
No RUPTURE occurs, but blood still passes through vessel walls. |
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HEMORRHAGE PER DIAPEDESIS is usually caused by... |
ABNORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE |
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PETECHIA |
ANTEMORTEM pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of small capillaries within skin or mucous membranes. |
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If PETECHIAE remain in a body after embalming, they may cause... |
STAINING of the skin. |
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ECCHYMOSIS |
A common BRUISE. |
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ECCHYMOSIS is common in the ______ and _____ of the DECEASED. |
HANDS and ARMS |
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DISCOLORATION resulting from ECCHYMOSIS is... |
PERMANENT and EXTRAVASCULAR |
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DISCOLORATION resulting from ECCHYMOSIS cannot be... |
REMOVED during injection of ARTERIAL EMBALMING FLUIDS. |
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STAINS resulting from ECCHYMOSIS can sometimes be removed with... |
BLEACH or CAVITY FLUID |
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EPITAXIS |
NOSEBLEED |
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PURGE |
Blood or body fluid oozing from the orifices of the deceased. |
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FROTHY RED PURGE |
Comes from the LUNGS |
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DARK PURGE with "COFFEE GROUNDS"-like appearance |
Comes from the STOMACH and gets its appearance from hydrochloric acid |
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PINKISH or CLEAR PURGE from the NOSE/EARS |
Comes from the BRAIN |
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HEMOPTYSIS |
Coughing of bloody sputum from the respiratory tract. |
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HEMATEMESIS |
Bloody vomit. |
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MELENA |
Black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood (fairly common in newborns) |
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HEMATURIA |
Blood in urine |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: D_______ C______ |
DIMINISHED CIRCULATION |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: E______ |
EDEMA |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: A_______ |
ABSCESSES |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: H_____________ |
HEMORRHAGE |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: EM_________ |
EMACIATION |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: DE_________ |
DEHYDRATION |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: R______ D________ |
RAPID DECOMPOSITION |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITION ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: DI________ |
DISCOLORATION |
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POSTMORTEM CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED with DISTURBANCES in CIRCULATION: D_______ C_______, E_____, A______, H__________, EM_________, DE_________, R____ D_______, DI_________ |
DIMINISHED CIRCULATION, EDEMA, ABSCESSES, HEMORRHAGE, EMACIATION, DEHYDRATION, RAPID DECOMPOSITION, DISCOLORATION |
