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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are obligate parasites? |
require to spend at leeast part of their life cycle in a parasitic relationship |
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What are facultative parasites? |
are generlaly free living but can become parasitic if they enter a suitable host |
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what is a definitive host? |
where parasite raches sexual maturity |
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what is an intermediate host? |
a host reuired for parasitic development but where no sexual development takes place |
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what is a paratenic host? |
no development takes place but parasite remains alice and infective to another host |
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what is incidental host? |
a host that can be infected but does not play a role in the lifecycle |
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What is plasmodium |
a parasitic protozoan |
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for plasmodium gametocytes go to ... which go to ... |
sporozoites ... merozoites |
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what kind of hosts are humans to plasmodium |
intermediate host |
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where does plasmodium sexual reproduction occur |
in vector |
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what is the most widespread form of plasmodium |
p vivax |
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what plasmodium produces the most severe symptoms |
p faliciparum |
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what phase of plasmodium infects red blood cells? |
merozoites |
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what phase of plasmodium is transmitted via the salivia of feeding mosquitos |
sporozoites |
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what causes the periodic chill and fever cycles in malaria |
the RBCs being destroyed by the merozoites liberate toxins that cause this |
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where are the sporozoites produced? |
in the mosquitos midgut |
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in the mosquiteos midgut the gametocytes fose to form a ... which turns into a ... and crosses gut membrane and forms ... which then releases sporozoites |
zygote ookinete oocyst |
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when sporozoites are produced they migrate to where |
the salivery glands of mosquito
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what cells rupture releasing merozoites? |
liver cells |
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where are merozoites produced |
in liver cells |
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what is exported to the surface of the infected erythrocyte? |
PfEMP1 |
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what are prophylaxis? |
preventative measures |
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where does the sexual life cycle of toxoplasma gondii take place? |
cat gut epithelium |
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What is leishmania spp. transmitted by? |
sandflies |
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sleeping sickness is caused by? |
trypanosoma brucei |
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trypanosoma brucei is tranmitted via what? |
tseste fly |
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live are reserviours for what infection so its difficult to eradicate? |
trypanosoma brucei |
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chagas disease is caused by what |
trypanosom cruzi |
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what is trypanosoma cruzi transmitted via |
triatominae bugs |
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in what diesase is there 2 months of mild symptoms and then 30% of people experience heart disease 10-30 years after infection? |
chagas disease |
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what are the 3 types of helminths? |
roundworms (nematoda), flukes (trematoda), tapeworms (cestodes) |
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what is the largest and most common roundworm? |
ascaris lumbricoides |
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whats an example of a fluke? |
scistosoma mansoni |
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where do the adult worms of ascaris lumbricoides live |
small intestine |
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whats is schistosoma mansoni's intermeiate host |
freshwater snails |
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whats an example of a helminth that has a partly aquatic environment? |
schistosoma mansoni |
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what phase of schistosoma mansoni is released into the water and penetrate human skin? |
cercariae |
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what happens to laevae of ascaris lumbricoides? |
larvae migrate thrhough the bloodsteam to the lungs, are coughed up and swallowed and live in small intestine |
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whats an example of a tapeworm? |
taenia soluim |
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what is the pork tapeworm? |
taenia soluim |
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what is the intermediate host of taenia solium |
pigs |
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what does the main body of taenia solium consist of? |
proglottids and each is a complete reproductive unit |
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what motility do apicomplexan parasites migrate towards and target host issues and cells via |
gliding |
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what motitlity do kinetoplastid parasites use? |
flagella |
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what cells do toxoplasma gondii invade? |
fibroblasts |
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what is the name for internalised trypanosoma? |
trypomasigotes |
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parasites enter host cells at ... |
the moving junction |
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what is the structure produced by apicomplexan parasites in the cells of its host? |
parasitophorous vacuole |
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are toxoplasma gondii obligate or facultative parasites? |
obligate |
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is toxoplasma gondi intra or extra cellular |
intracellular |
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in toxoplasma gondii motility is powered by .... allowing tachyziotes to disperse trhoughout tissue |
actomyosin system |
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what structure do plasmodium and toxoplasma both form as part of their infection process |
parasitophorous vacuole |
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which motility is described as being like a cargo moving on a conveyer belt? |
Plasmodium faliciparum merozoties
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Mitosomes similarites and differences to mitochondria? |
-they contrain iron-sulphur clusters involves in electron transfer and sensors of iron/oxygen -they dont contrain DNA and they dont perfeom oxidative phosphorylation |
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what are mitosomes found in? |
a range of protozoan that live in extreme conditions |
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another remnant mitochondira that isnt mitosomes is |
hydrogenosomes |
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hydrogenosomes are found in organisms living in aerobis or anaerobic conditions? |
anaerobic |
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are hydrogenosomes smaller or bigger than mitcohondira? |
smaller |
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hydrogenosomes produce ATP but not by the ... |
oxidative phosphorylation mechanism |
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what pathway do hydrogenosomes produce ATP by |
the fermentation pathway |
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which enzymes does the fermentation pathway in hydrogenosomes involve? |
the iron-sulphur-cluster containing enzymes: PRO and hydrogenase |
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glycosomes are organelles found in what kind of protozoan parasites? |
kinetoplastid |
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explain trypanosomes brucei's two environments |
in extracellular host bloodstream: glucose rich and aerobic and anaerobic conditions. extracellularly in tseste fly midgut and salivery glands there is LOW glucose and aerobic conditions |
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When in the bloodstream trpanosoma brucei produce ATP by ... |
glycolysis |
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What advantages some glycosis by the glycosomes have in trypanosoma? |
conserves energy and reduces oxidative stress |
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what does glycosomes do for glycolysis |
they compartmentalist glycosis essential for regulation |
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what common intestinal protozoan has no mitochondia |
giardia lambli |
