Morgan's World History Chapter 1

Front 1

An intellectual movement in the Renaissance

Back 1

Humanism

Front 2

Studied the classical cultures of Greece and Rome,to increase their own understanding

Back 2

Humanism

Front 3

Grammar, language, poetry, history

Back 3

Humanities

Front 4

An early Renaissance poet, humanist, and scholar

Back 4

Petrarch

Front 5

Assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts from monasteries

Back 5

Petrarch

Front 6

Through his effort the works of Cicero, Homer, and Virgil became know to Westerners

Back 6

Petrarch

Front 7

A City-State, it symbolized the energy and brilliance of the Italian Renaissance

Back 7

Florence

Front 8

Home to the Medici family

Back 8

Florence

Front 9

Ranked among one of the richest merchants and bankers in Europe

Back 9

Medici Family

Front 10

A financial supporter of the Arts

Back 10

patron

Front 11

A way to paint in a three-dimensional style

Back 11

perspective

Front 12

A new style of painting developed during the Renaissance

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perspective

Front 13

“Mona Lisa” painter

Back 13

Leonardo de Vinci

Front 14

Creator of the “Last Supper”

Back 14

Leonardo de Vinci

Front 15

A true Renaissance Man - who studied botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and engineering

Back 15

Leonardo de Vinci

Front 16

called the “melancholy genius” because his work reflected his spiritual and artistic struggles

Back 16

Michelangelo

Front 17

sculptor of “David”

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Michelangelo

Front 18

Painted the Sistine Chapel in Rome

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Michelangelo

Front 19

Designed the dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome

Back 19

Michelangelo

Front 20

painter that blended Christian and Classical style

Back 20

Raphael

Front 21

wrote the “Book of the Courtier”

Back 21

Castiglione

Front 22

wrote “The Prince”

Back 22

Machiavelli

Front 23

wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power.

Back 23

Machiavelli

Front 24

Birthplace of the Renaissance

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Italy

Front 25

a re-birth, a “new beginning”

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Renaissance

Front 26

invented the printing press

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Johann Gutenberg

Front 27

printed the first complete edition of the Bible

Back 27

Johann Gutenberg

Front 28

a region of present-day France, Belgium, and the Netherlands

Back 28

Flanders

Front 29

A German painter, sometimes called the “Leonardo of the North”

Back 29

Albrecht Durer

Front 30

an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid

Back 30

engraving

Front 31

everyday language of the people

Back 31

vernacular

Front 32

the Dutch priest and humanist

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Erasmus

Front 33

An English humanist who pressed for social reform

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Thomas More

Front 34

A book which describes an ideal society where men and women live in peace and harmony

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Utopia

Front 35

An English playwright and poet who wrote plays still performed today

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Shakespeare

Front 36

a way for impure souls to atone for the sins committed during their lives

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indulgences

Front 37

A German monk who protested against the Church

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Martin Luther

Front 38

A town in Germany where a priest offered indulgences in exchange for money to rebuild St. Peter’sCathedral

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Wittenberg

Front 39

a set of theses written by Martin Luther in protest to Trtzel’s indulgences

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95 Theses

Front 40

Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire who summoned Luther to the City of Worms

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Charles V

Front 41

an assembly of German princes, meaning “a day for a meeting”

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diet

Front 42

A Swiss reformer who protested against the Church

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John Calvin

Front 43

the idea that God had long ago determined who would go to heaven

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predestination

Front 44

Swiss city-state

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Geneva

Front 45

a government run by church leaders

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theocracy

Front 46

religious groups

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sects

Front 47

He broke from the Catholic Church

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Henry VIII

Front 48

The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

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Mary Tudor

Front 49

Archbishop of the Church of England

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Thomas Cranmer

Front 50

Daughter of Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn

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Elizabeth

Front 51

to be recognized as a saint

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canonized

Front 52

to mutually agree, middle ground

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compromise

Front 53

it established reforms in the Catholic Church

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Council of Trent

Front 54

founder of the Jesuit order

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Ignatius of Loyola

Front 55

she reorganized and reformed convents and monasteries

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Teresa of Avila

Front 56

separate quarter of a city confined to Jews

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ghetto

Front 57

Polish scholar and astronomer

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Front 58

sun-centered

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heliocentric

Front 59

Danish astronomer who proved Copernicus was right

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Tycho Brahe

Front 60

calculated the orbits of the planets revolutions

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Johannes Kepler

Front 61

Italian astronomer who agreed with Copernicus and Kepler

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Galileo

Front 62

tried before the Inquisition for contradicting the Churches views on the solar system

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Galileo

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Revolutionary thinker who stressed experimentation and observation

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Francis Bacon

Front 64

Revolutionary thinker who stressed human reasoning as the best road to understanding

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Rene Descartes

Front 65

a step by step process that collects and accurately measures data

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Scientific Method

Front 66

using reasoning to to propose a possible answer

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hypothesis

Front 67

English Chemist who distinguished the difference between elements and compounds

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Robert Boyle

Front 68

Scientist credited with the discovery of gravity

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Isaac Newton

Front 69

Newton discovered a force that controlled the universe

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Gravity

Front 70

a branch of mathematics developed by Newton

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Calculus