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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cefazolin
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1st generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cephalexin
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1st generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefoxitin
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2nd generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefaclor
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2nd generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefuroxime
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2nd generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Ceftriaxone
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3rd generation cephalosporin. DOC for gonorrhea. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefotaxime
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3rd generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Ceftazidime
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3rd generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefepime
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4th generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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Cefpiramide
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4th generation cephalosporin. b-lactam drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases.
SE - disulfarim effect with alcohol. increases NEPHROtoxicity when given with amingoglycosides. |
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antianxiety agent that has least nauseau
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buspirone
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Great realease of histamine with a nueromuscular blocking agent?
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Tubocurarine , decreased BP and bronchospasm occcurs.
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Overdose of beta blocker give?
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Glucagon b/c it has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects via glucagon receptors that are G protein linked and increase adeny cyclase.
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Aztreonam
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to PBP3. gram negitave rods just not anaerobes. FOR RENAL INSUFFICIENCY PATIENTS WHO CANT TAKE AMINOS OR HAS ALLERGY TO PENICILLIN.
SE - GI upset |
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Imipenem
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beta lactamase resistant carpapenem. Always administer with CILASTATIN to inhibit renal dihydropeptidase. This will decrease inactivation of the drug in the renal tubules.
DOC for enterobacter! SE - GI distress, skin rash, CNS toxicity specifically seizures at high plasma levels. |
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Vancomycin
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inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors. MOA of resistance is a change from D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac.
SE - nephro, oto, thrombophlebitis.. RED MAN SYNDROME... remember infuse slolwy and give antihistamines to stop this from occuring. |
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Gentamicin
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inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. REQUIRES 02 so cannot work on anaerobes.
SE - Nephrotoxic when combined with cephalosporins. Ototoxic with loop diuretics. Teratogen. |
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Neomycin
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Used to eliminate urea from the body!! For bowel surgery.
inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. REQUIRES 02 so cannot work on anaerobes. SE - Nephrotoxic when combined with cephalosporins. Ototoxic with loop diuretics. Teratogen. |
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Amikacin
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inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. REQUIRES 02 so cannot work on anaerobes.
SE - Nephrotoxic when combined with cephalosporins. Ototoxic with loop diuretics. Teratogen. |
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Tobramycin
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inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. REQUIRES 02 so cannot work on anaerobes.
SE - Nephrotoxic when combined with cephalosporins. Ototoxic with loop diuretics. Teratogen. |
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Streptomycin
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TB drug also. Deafness and nephrotoxic.
inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. REQUIRES 02 so cannot work on anaerobes. SE - Nephrotoxic when combined with cephalosporins. Ototoxic with loop diuretics. Teratogen. |
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Demeclocycline
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ACTS AS A DIURETIC IN SIADH. ADH antagonist.
Binds to 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA. Don't take with milk, antacids or iron containg preparations because divalent cations inhibit its absorption in the gut. Remember tetracycline and doxycline are in this category too. doxycyline is the only one that is fecally excreted so can be given to renal failure patients. |
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Minocycline
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Binds to 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA. Don't take with milk, antacids or iron containg preparations because divalent cations inhibit its absorption in the gut.
Remember tetracycline and doxycline are in this category too. doxycyline is the only one that is fecally excreted so can be given to renal failure patients. |
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Macrolides
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Azithro, erythro, clarithro
inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation. binds to the 23s rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit. DOC for chlymadia (azithromycin, 1 pill kills it all) good shit ;) INCREASES SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF STUFF. p450 INHIBITORS. ALSO INCREASE THEOPHYLLINE SE - skin rashes, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia |
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Drugs causing gynecomastia
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digoxin, cimetidine, ketoconazole
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Chlormphenicol
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inhibits 50s peptidyl transferase.
SE - anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby sydrynome due to child not having UDP-glucuronyl transferase.. primarily seen in premature infants. |
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Clindamycin
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blocks peptide bond formation at 50s ribosomal subunit.
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Sulfonamides
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PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase.
DOC for UTI. SE - hypersensitivity, G6PD, nephrotoxocity (tubulointerstitial nephritis), kernicterus in infants. DISPLACES DRUGS FROM ALBUMIN LIKE WARFARIN!!! |
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Trimethoprin
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Inhibits bacterial diydrofolate reductase. synthergy with sulfonamides. KNOW CHART FA p. 173.
TMP SMX DOC For pneumocystis carnii. SE - megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia. cann alleviate with supplmental folic acid. |
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-oxacin (AKA fluoroquinolones)
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inhibit DNA gyrase AKA topioisomerase 2. (inserts negative supercoils by nicking the DNA strand).
SE - tendonitis, tendone rupture in adults, leg cramps and myalgias in kids. contraindicated in pregnancy. |
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Metronidazole
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forms toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell. protozoal infections.
This with bismuth and amoxy is used for H. pylori. SE - disulfarim like reactions with alcohol. metallic taste, headache. |
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Polymxins
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B and E.
Binds to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupts there osmotic properties. SE - neurotoxic, acute renal tubular necrosis. |
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Which TB drug works good at acid pH in phagolysosomes?
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pyrazinamide
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INH
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decreases syntehsis of mycolic acid.
SE - G6PD, neurotoxic, hepatoxic, SLE like syndrome, pridoxine (b6) can prevent neurotoxic. |
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Rifampin
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inhibits DNA -dependant RNA polymerase.
SE - minor hepatoxic. P450 inducer, lowers serum concentrations of other drugs. |
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Resistance to penicillin occurs how?
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b-lactamse cleavage of b-lactam ring.
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Resistance to amingoglycosides is how?
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modification via acetylation, adenylation, or phosphorylation.
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Resistance to chloramphenicol is how?
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modification via acetylation.
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Resistance to macrolides is how?
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methylation of rRNA near erythromycin's ribosome binding site.
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Resistance to tetracyclines is?
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decrease uptake or increase transport out of cell
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Resistance to sulfonamides is how?
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altered enzyme, dihydropteroate synthetase.
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Amphotericin B
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binds ergosterol. forms membrane pores that allow leakage of electolytes and disrupt homeostasis.
SE - fever, chills, hypotension, nephrotoxic, arrythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis. hydration reduces nephrotoxicity. shake and bake |
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Nystatin
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binds to ergosterol and disrupts membranes. SWISH AND SWALLOW ONLY!!! oral thrush. topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis.
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-azoles
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inhibit fungal synthesis (aka ergosterol synthesis).
SE - hormone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia), fever, chills. INHIBITS P450 so increased serum levels. |
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flucytosine
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inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to fluorouracil, which competes with uracil.
systemic fungus infections SE - nause, vomitting and bone marrow suppresion. |
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Caspofungin
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inhibits cell wall synthesis.
invasive aspergillosis! SE - gi upset and flushing. |
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Terbinafine
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inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase.
dermatophyte treatment |
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Griseofulvin
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interferes with microtubule functions, disruptis mitosis (M). deposits in keratin containing tissue.
used for tinea, ringworm, dermatophytes, etc. SE - teratogen, confusion, headaches. INCREASE P450 system and WARFARIN METABOLISM. |
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Amantadine
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blocks viral penetration and uncoating (M2 protein). releases dopamine from intact nerve terminals.
SE - ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech. |
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Zanamivir
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Inhibits influenza neuraminidase. can't release virus then.
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Oseltamivir
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Inhibits influenza neuraminidase. can't release virus then.
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Ribavirin
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inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase.
RSV and Hep C. SE - Severe teratogen and hemolytic anemia. |
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Acyclovir
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viral thymidine kinase activates. nephrotoxic
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Ganciglovir
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CMV. viral kinase activates.
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Foscarnet
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Viral DNA polynermase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate binding site of an enzyme. does not require activiation by viral kinase.
nephrotoxic |
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how are antivirals get resisted too?
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mutation of the DNA polymerase for foscarnet and mutations of thymidine kinase in others.
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-avirs (protease inhibitors)
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inhibits assembly of new viruse by blocking protease in progeny virions.
SE - hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy, thrombocytopenia |
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interferon alpha
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chronic hep b and c, kaposis sarcoma
glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis. induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA. |
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intereron beta
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MS
glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis. induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA. |
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interferon gamma
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nadph oxidase deficiency.
glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis. induce ribonuclease that degrades viral mRNA. |
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Filgrastim
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g-csf.... recoveres bone marrow
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Sargramostsim
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g-mcsf... recovery of bone marrow.. the m is for monocyte.
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Oprelvekin
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IL-11.. thromobctyopenia treatment... can also use thrombopoietin.
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FK506
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tacrolimus... inhibits FK-binding potein which inhibits secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines.
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Cyclosporine
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binds to cyclophilins... blocks the differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting calcineuria thus preventing the production of IL-2 and its receptors.
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fentanyl
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opoid
toxicity - pinpoint pupils.. give naxolone or naltrexone.. which is an opoid receptro antagonist. 02 IS CONTRINDICATED IN MORPHINE OVERDOSE!!! |
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codeine
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opoid
toxicity - pinpoint pupils.. give naxolone or naltrexone.. which is an opoid receptro antagonist. 02 IS CONTRINDICATED IN MORPHINE OVERDOSE!!! |
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heroin
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opoid
toxicity - pinpoint pupils.. give naxolone or naltrexone.. which is an opoid receptro antagonist. 02 IS CONTRINDICATED IN MORPHINE OVERDOSE!!! |
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meperidine
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opoid
toxicity - pinpoint pupils.. give naxolone or naltrexone.. which is an opoid receptro antagonist. 02 IS CONTRINDICATED IN MORPHINE OVERDOSE!!! |
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dextromethorphan
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opoid
toxicity - pinpoint pupils.. give naxolone or naltrexone.. which is an opoid receptro antagonist. 02 IS CONTRINDICATED IN MORPHINE OVERDOSE!!! |
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coumadin overdose
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IV vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
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warfarin overdose
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IV vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
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heparin overdose
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protamine sulfate
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methotraxate
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S phase antimetabolite. leucovorin recovery.
macrovascular fatty change in liver. SE - myelosuppression |
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5-FU
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S phase antimetabolite. Pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP which covalently complexes folic acid. This inhibits thymidylate synthase resulting in decrease dTMP.
Synergy with MTX which blocks DHF reductase. CAN ONLY RESCUE WITH THYMIDINE myelosuppression and phototoxicity. |
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6-MP (6-mercaptopurine)
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blocks de novo purine synthesis. activated by HGPRTase.
INCREASED TOXICITY WITH ALLOPURINOL. BONE MARROW, GI, LIVER. |
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Cytarabine (ara-c)
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inhibitds DNA polymerase... AML... luekopenia, megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia.
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Vinblastine, vincristine
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mylesuppresion - vinblastine
neurotoxicity - vincristine M phase specific alkoid that binds to tubulin and blocks polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot form. |
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Paclitaxel and other taxols
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M phase specific agent that binds to tubulin and hyperstabilizes polymerized microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot break down. (anaphase cannot occur)
myelosuppresion |
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Imatinib (gleevec)
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philadelphia chromomsome brc-able tyrosine kinase inhibitor. CML and GI stromal tumors.
SE - Fluid retention |
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Trastuzumab (herceptin)
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monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-b2). helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, possibly through antibody dependant cytotoxicity.
SE - cardiotoxicity |
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Tamoxifen does?
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increases risk of endometrial carcinoma
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Prednisone
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Triggers apoptosis.
SE - cushings like symptoms, immunosuprresion, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis |
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Etoposide (VP-16)
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G2 phase sepcific agent that inhibits topoisomerase 2 and increases DNA degradations.
SE - Myelosuppresion, GI irritation, alopecia |
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Bleomycin MOA
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induces formation of free radicals which cause sbreaks in DNA strands. G2!!!
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Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)
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intercalates DNA.
SE - myelosuppresion |
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Busulfan
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alkyates DNA.
SE - pulmonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation (bleomycin also gives pulmonary fibrosis) |
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Cisplastin
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alkyates DNA.. crosslinks DNA
SE - nephrotoxic and acoustic nerve damage |
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-ustines
streptozocin |
alkyates DNA. requires bioactivation and can cross BBB!!!!!!
SE - CNS toxicity. |
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Cyclophosphamide
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alykating agents.
covalently x-link (interstrand) DNA at guinine N-7. require bioactivation by liver. MESNA RESCUE |
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Iron OD
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Deferoxamine
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Lead OD
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Succimer for kids... dimercaprol for adults or penicillamine.
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Cyanide
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Nitritie, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
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Methemoglobin
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Methylene blue
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Methanol or ethylene glycol
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Ethanol
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tPA OD and MOA
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aminocaproic acid... inhibits plasminogen to go to plasmin..
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