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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
helicase
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enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork
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primase
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enzyme that synthesizes small fragments of RNA to serve as primers for DNA synthesis during DNA replication
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positive strand
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the DNA strand that is complimentary to the strand used as a template for RNA syntesis--the one that can be translated to make a protein
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negative strand
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used as template for RNA synthesis--complement of positive
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nucleotide
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subunits of RNA and DNA--bound to phosphate molecule
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ribose
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5-carbon sugar found in RNA
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transcription
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process of transferring genetic info coded in DNA into messenger RNA
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sigma factor
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component of RNA polymerase that recognizes the promoter
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translation
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process by which genetic info in the messenger RNA directs the order of amino acids in protein
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transduction
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mechanism of gene transfer btw bacteria in which bacterial DNA is transferred inside a phage
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria
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conjugation
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cell to cell contact for gene transfers in bacteria
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sex pilus
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thin protein appendage required for attachment of one bacterium to another prior to DNA transfer by conjugation
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transposon
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gene that moves from one DNA molecule to another within the same cell or from one site on a DNA molecule to another site on the same molecule
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psychrophile
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microorganism that grows best btw 5-15 degrees C
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mesophile
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bacteria that grows best btw 20-45 degrees C
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thermophile
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organism that grows best btw 45-70 degrees C
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aerobe
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organism requires oxygen for growth
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obligate anaerobe
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cannot multiply if oxygen is present
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growth curve
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lag phase--log phase--stationary phase--death phase--prolonged decline
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Koch's postulate
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group of criteria used to determine the cause of an infectious disease by culturing the agent and reproducing disease
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expression vectors
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vectors that facilitate transcription and translation of cloned DNA
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Southern Blot
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technique to detect a given nucleotide sequence in DNA fragments that have been separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane filter
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Northern Blot
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procedure that is similar in principle to southern blot, except that it uses a nucleic acid probe to detect seq. of RNA
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Western Blot
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procedure that uses labeled antibody to detect specific proteins
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RFLP
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abb. for restriction fragment length polymorphism
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