More Learn To Sail Right

Front 1

HOW SAILING WORKS

No-Go

Back 1

A sailboat cannot sail directly into the wind.

Sails will flap (luff)
Might even start moving backward
No push...no pull...NO GO!

Front 2

HOW SAILING WORKS

Push Mode

Back 2

With the wind coming from behind, the sail (and boat) are simply pushed forward through the water.

Front 3

HOW SAILING WORKS

Pull Mode

Back 3

Creates higher presssure on the inside of the sail and lower pressure on the outside, thus creating lift.

The lift the sail creates "pulls" the boat forward & sideways. The boat's keep keeps the boat from being pulled sideways.

Front 4

HOW SAILING WORKS

How FOILS work

Back 4

* Centerboard & rudder

* Like a tire in a car

* Provide the grip necessary to keep you on track

Front 5

HOW SAILING WORKS

Centerboard

Back 5

A centerboard's primary responsibility is resistance to side-slipping.

Front 6

HOW SAILING WORKS

Rudder

Back 6

A rudder's primary function is steering.

Front 7

HOW SAILING WORKS

Balance - How Sails & Foils work together

Back 7

Center of Lateral resistance
Center of Effort
Drag

Front 8

HOW SAILING WORKS

Balance

Back 8

Steering a boat with its sails, crew weight & rudder

Front 9

HOW SAILING WORKS

Center of Effort

Back 9

The location of the collective force of the mainsail, and the jib.

Front 10

HOW SAILING WORKS

Center of Lateral Resistance

Back 10

Opposing forces exerted by the water on the keel and the ruddeer

Front 11

HOW SAILING WORKS

Weather helm

Back 11

Weather help occurs when sailing upwind in strong or puffy wind.

The boat turns windward, even though the rudder may be bending hard to windward to try and counteract the boat's turning.

Front 12

HOW SAILING WORKS

Correcting Weather Helm

Back 12

* Ease the mainsheet
* hike harder to windward
* flatten the mainsail's shape with the sail controls
OR
pull up the centerboard or daggerboard as needed (up 25%)

Front 13

HOW SAILING WORKS

Lee Helm

Back 13

The opposite of weather helm.

Caused by too little force in the mainsail combined with too much weight on the windward side, thus the Center of Effort has moved forward in the boat and to windward of the Center of Lateral Resistance.

Front 14

HOW SAILING WORKS

Correcting Lee Helm

Back 14

* Flatten the boat by moving the crew's weight leeward
* move the tiller to leeward
* adjust the mainsail so its is fuller & deeper
* Make sure the centerboard or dagger board is all the way down.

Front 15

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Side-to-Side Position for Upwind Sailing

Back 15

Boats with a "hard chine" sail upwind best when they are nearly or completely flat - not heeling

Crew moves to keep the boat flat

Front 16

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

When moving

Back 16

Lean with upper body first

Front 17

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Side-to-Side position for downwind sailing
- A windward heel

Back 17

Less need to keep boat flat

Skipper should sit on the windward rail and the crew should adjust his or her weight to maintain a consistent windward heel

Front 18

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Fore and Aft positions upwind

Back 18

Skipper sits aft of the spot where the mainsheetis trimmed.

Crew member should sit shoulder to shoulder in front of the skipper.

In light winds & flat water move forward to get more of the stern out of the water.
In heavier winds move farther aft

Front 19

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Fore and Aft positions downwind

Back 19

When a boat sails downwind on a reach or run, the weight of the crew may need to move aft, especially in higher-wind.

Front 20

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Hiking

Back 20

Hiking is one method used to keep the boat balanced and nearly flat.

Crew makes adjustments first.

Most sailors like to hike out with the middle of the back of their thigh (between the knee and hip) on the edge of the side of the bat.

Should wear close toed shoes!

Front 21

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Holding the tiller Extension & Mainsheet

Back 21

A skipper should assume a hand and body position to steer and trim sails effectively.

Place hands in front of youwith thumb side up.

Grasp tiller as if you are holding microphone.

Keep your elbows at your sides as you grip the mainsheet.

Front 22

BODY POSITION & BOAT BALANCE

Handling Lines

Back 22

Never wrap a line around your hands or hold it in your teeth!

It is important to be able to release a line quickly so you can easily swim free of the boat in the event of a capsize.

Front 23

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Back 23

The position defined as closest to the wind.

Front 24

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

The Groove

Back 24

The groove is the course between the high and low side of close-hauled - boat feels just right

When you are in the groove the helm is neutral, the telltales on the jib are streaming on both sides.

Front 25

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Puffs

Back 25

* Minimize puff by easing the sails - usually just the mainsail.
* Trim the mainsail by exiting a puff.

Front 26

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Ease-Hike_Trim method

Back 26

As you feel the puff begin to affect your boat, Ease the sail slightly as you feather the boat.

Hike the boat flat for the duration of the puff.

Trim the sails back in to power up once you are in full control.

Front 27

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Feathering

Back 27

Scalloping slightly toward the no-go zone for each puff and returning to the groove as the puff abates

Front 28

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Footing

Back 28

Powers up the boat when you are sailing a close-hauled course.

Easing sails slightly and heading down to the lower side of the groove, perhaps even into a a close reach, provides more power.

Front 29

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

Steering

Back 29

Less is more!

Correct use of body placement and sail trim can minimize the amount of tiller movement required to keep the boat sailing close-hauled efficiently and quickly.

Front 30

CLOSE-HAULED & UPWIND SAILING

roll tacking

Back 30

Quickening the pace at which a boat turns through the no-go zone

* Skipper makes first move followed by crew
Hike to promptly flatten boat until mast is vertical again

Front 31

JIBING TECHNIQUES & DOWNWIND SAILING

When does "JIBE" occur?

Back 31

when your boat is sailing downwind i the same direction as the wind. The faster you can keep the boat moving while jibing, the closer the boat's speed will be to the wind speed.

Front 32

JIBING TECHNIQUES & DOWNWIND SAILING

Steering Jibes

Back 32

C-Turn

S- Turn

Roll-jibe

Front 33

JIBING TECHNIQUES & DOWNWIND SAILING

Avoiding Capsizes to Windward

Back 33

Caused by a boat becoming unstable and rolling back and forth.

Keep your boom vang tight enough to reduce twist at the top of the mainsail - which will help depower the sail) and keep your centerboard lower than you would in lighter air.

If the boat rolls, head up slightly until the sails start t luff or slightly trim your mainsheet.

Front 34

JIBING TECHNIQUES & DOWNWIND SAILING

Factors that can cause a windward capsize while sailing downwind

Back 34

* Mainsheet is too far out
* Boom vang it too loose
* Centerboard is too far up
* Sailor's weight its improperly placed
* Over-steering
* Increase in wind strength
* inconsistent wave action

Front 35

RIGGING & SEAMANSHIP

Knots

Back 35

Bowline
Figure Eight
Square Knot
Halyard Knots
Bowlines
Stopperknots
Half hitches

Front 36

RIGGING & SEAMANSHIP

Paddling & Sculling

Back 36

Two ways sailboat can be powered without using sails.

Front 37

RIGGING & SEAMANSHIP

Clove Hitch

Back 37

Used to tie a line to an object.

Not very secure.

Easily untied and with an extra half-hitch can be used to secure a tiller

Front 38

RIGGING & SEAMANSHIP

Round Turn and Two Half-hitches

Back 38

This knot uses a loop to secure a line to an object.

Front 39

RIGGING & SEAMANSHIP

Reefing

Back 39

Lowering the sail partially and securing the lower portion to the boom.

Front 40

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Capsize problem solving

Back 40

* Single-handed & double handed Walkover (Dry) Capsize Recovery

* Scoop-recovery method

* Trutle Recovery

Front 41

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Heaving-To

Back 41

A method for stopping the boat to rest, eat or listen to feedback from instructor.

Front 42

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Running Aground

Back 42

* Pull centerboard up
* Heel

Front 43

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Signaling distress

Back 43

Carry a whistle

Make the International signal of Distress - Stretch out arms and slowly raise them over your head until they form an X and then lower them to your sides. Repeat.

Front 44

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Man Overboard Rescue

Back 44

* Prevent thorugh safety awareness

* Check hiking straps, tiller extensions & sheets
Use footwear that has grip (non-skid soles)
Listen to marine forecasts

Front 45

NAVIGATION

Navigation Aids

Back 45

Fixed Objects

- Buoys
- Lighthouses

Front 46

NAVIGATION

Lateral Markers

Back 46

Red and green buoys or daymarks that identify sides of the channel.

Inbound - Red deisnate the sarboard side
Green mark the porside of channell

Front 47

NAVIGATION

Rules of the Road

Back 47

* Port tack gives way to starboard-tack boat

Front 48

NAVIGATION

Sail vs. human power

Back 48

Sailboats should avoid rowboats, kayaks, & canoes

Front 49

NAVIGATION

Sail v. motor power

Back 49

Powerboats should give way to boats under sail.

Front 50

NAVIGATION

Commercial v. recreational

Back 50

Recreational boats, such as sailboats, should avoid commercial boats such as ferries, tour boats, cruise ships, shrimpers, and trawlers

Front 51

NAVIGATION

General Rule

Back 51

More-maneuverable boat should give way to the less-maneuverable boat