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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Narcan? |
Narcan also known as naloxone. It is an opiod antagonist that reverses the effects of opioids. |
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What is Fentanyl (Duragesic)? |
Fentanyl is an opioid agonist that is very similar to morphine. It comes in a patch and is ussually changed every 72 hours. |
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What is Meperidine (Demerol)? |
Opioid Agonist that is used for treating moderate to severe pain. If this drug is used long term there might be some withdrawal symptoms. It has the potential to become addictive |
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What are some drug interactions with morphine? |
Barbiturates, phenobarbital, bezos, alcohol all have increased CNS depression
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What is a severe drug interaction with Meperidine (Demerol)? |
Meperedine interacts with MOA inhibitors and can cause seizures, respiratory depression and hyperpyrexic coma. Avoid MOAs!!! |
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What is a PCA pump? |
Patient Controlled Analgesia: it's used to maintain steady levels of opioids. |
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What is Lortab (hydrocodone/acetaminophen) |
Lortab: is a pain reliever with analgesic actions similar to codeine. And it is also a good cough suppressant. |
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What is acetaminophen? |
Also known as TYLENOL, it works by slowing the production of prostaglandins in the CNS. Serves as a Analgesic and Antipyretic. |
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What are adverse effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)? |
- liver damage: advise patients to not take more than 4grams of acetaminophen daily. Advise patients to not drink alcohol because it will increase the risk of liver damage. |
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What are some contraindications of acetaminophen? |
- anybody who sufers from liver failure should NOT take it. - should not be taken along with warfarin (COUMADIN), because acetaminophen slows the metabolism of warfarin, leaving it in the system longer. This places the patient at higher risk for bleeding. |
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What are the classifications of some of the antibiotics? |
Drugs work on:
- cell wall synthesis - cell membrane permeability - protein synthesis - synthesis of nucleic acids - antimetabolites - viral enzymes inhibitors |
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What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin? |
It destroys the cell wall of the microorganism. It works only on bacteria that are actively undergoing cell growth. |
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What are some ways to decrease antibiotic resistance? |
- treat the infection - isolate the pathogen - now when to say no to vancomycin - match the drug with the bug - take full dose of the antibiotic
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If there is a history of penicillin allergy, what should be avoided? |
The use of penicillins or cephalosporins |
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What are the 3 levels of penicillini allergies? |
- immediate: 2 - 30 minutes - accelerated: 1-72 hours - late: days - weeks |
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What is IV Penicillin? |
Ticarcillin: you want to monitor sodium levels, because it can often cause hypernatremia. |
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What are the members of the tetracyclines? |
- tetracycline - doxycycline - minocycline - demeclocycline |
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What class are the tetracyclines? |
- Broad spectrum antibiotics - inhibit protein synthesis |
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What might tetracyclines be used for? |
- lyme disease - anthrax - H. pylori - acne - peptic ulcer disease - periodontal disease - chylamedia - cholera |
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If a patient is on tetracycline therapy, what should he/she be instructed on when taking his medication? |
Avoid Calcium & Iron supplements, Milk products, Magnisium containing laxatives, antacids. They also decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives, so backup plan is needed!! |
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What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines? |
- GI irritation - yellow/brown tooth discoloration - hepatotoxicyty - superinfection - renal toxicity - photosensitivity |
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What patient education should be done when taking tetracyclines? |
- take on empty stomach - take with full glass of water - space 2 hours apart from calcium, iron, dairy, magnesium |
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What class is Clarythromycin E? |
It is classified as a macrolide: - is is a broad spectrum - inhibits protein synthesis - used if penicillin allergy exists |
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What are some adverse effects of Clarythromycin? |
- GI upset: take with some food - Prolonged QT interval causing dysrhythmias - Ototoxicity with high does: monitor hearing loss, vertigo, ringing in the ear, |
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What are some drug interactions with Clarithromycin? |
Inhibit metabolism of...which can lead to toxicity of these drugs! - antihistamines - theophylline - carbamazepine - warfarin - digoxin
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What is Flagyl? |
Metronidazole is a bactericidal antibiotic that can be used for: - protozoal infections - H. pylori |
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What is an adverse effect of Flagyl? |
- allergy - neurotoxicity - suprainfections |
