• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/19

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Sulfonamides
  • Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
  • Sulfisoxazole
  • Sulfadiazine

Sulfonamides/Trimethoprim Inhibition Pathway

Sulfonamides

(MOA)
  • PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
  • Bacteriostatic

Sulfonamides

(Use)
  • Gram+
  • Gram-
  • Nocardia
  • Chlamydia
  • Triple sulfas or SMX for simple UTI

Sulfonamides

(Tox)
  • HPY rxn
  • Hemolysis if G6PD deficient
  • Nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis)
  • Photosensitivity
  • Kernicterus in infants
  • Displace other drugs from albumin (warfarin)

Sulfonamides

(Resistance)
  • Altered enzyme (bacterial dihydropteroate synthase)
  • Decreased uptake
  • Increased PABA synthesis

Trimethoprim

(MOA)
  • Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
  • Bacteriostatic

Trimethoprim

(Use)
  • Used in combination w/ sulfonamides (TMP-SMX) => sequential block of folate synthesis
  • TMP-SMX used for UTIs
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (treatment/prophylaxis)

Trimethoprim

(Tox)

Abbreviated TMP

TMP: Treats Marrow Poorly
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Leukopenia
  • Granulocytopenia
  • Above symptoms may alleviate w/ supplemental folinic acid [leucovorin rescue])

Fluoroquinolones
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Norfloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Ofloxacin
  • Sparfloxacin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Gatifloxacin
  • Enoxacin
  • Nalidixic acid (a quinolone)

Fluoroquinolones

(MOA)
  • Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
  • Bactericidal
  • Must not be taken with antacids

Fluoroquinolones

(Use)
  • Gram- rods of urinary and GI tracts (incl. Pseudomonas)
  • Neisseria
  • some gram+ organisms

Fluoroquinolones

(Tox)

Common:


  • GI upset
  • Superinfection
  • Skin rashes
  • Headache
  • Dizziness

Fluoroquinolones

(Tox cont.)

Fluoroqinolones hurt attachments to your bones.

Less common:


  • Tendonitis
  • Tendon rupture
  • Leg cramps
  • Myalgias

Fluoroquinolones

(Tox cont.)
  • Contraindicated in pregnant women and in children b/c animal studies show damage to cartilage
  • May cause prolonged QT interval
  • May cause tendon rupture in peope >60 yrs old and in patients taking prednisone

Fluoroquinolones

(Resistance)
  • Chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase
  • Plasmid-mediated resistance
  • Efflux pumps

Metronidazole

(MOA)
  • Forms free radical toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
  • Bactericidal
  • Antiprotozoal

Metronidazole

(Use)


GET GAP on the Metro with metronidazole!


Treats anaerobic inf. below diaphragm vs. clindamycin (anaerobic inf. above diaphragm)

Treats:


  • Giarda
  • Entamoeba
  • Trichomonas
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
  • Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile)

Used w/ proton pump inhibitor and clarithromycin for "triple therapy" against H. pylori

Metronidazole

(Tox)
  • Disulfiram-like rxn w/ alcohol
  • Headache
  • Metallic taste