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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jupiter |
Largest Planet and the 5th Farthest from the Sun; Has 63 moons |
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Jovian/Galilean Moons |
Io, Callisto, Europa, and Ganymede
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Discovery of the Jovian Moons |
Galileo was looking at Jupiter through his telescope and noticed 3 objects, which he called "stars", fixed at Jupiter. He, over the next couple of weeks observed Jupiter and discovered 3 things: there was another "star" there, the "stars" weren't stars, but planet-like objects, and the planet-like objects orbited Jupiter |
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Theory supported by the Jovian moons |
Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory |
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Comets |
Giant balls of ice, water, and dust; Goes from the Oort cloud to the sun, where it melts a bit, and goes back |
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Coma |
The comets "tail" |
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Asteroids |
Small rock formations from the formation of the solar system that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter; Most asteroids don't hit Earth because Mars, Jupiter, and the Moon usually diverts or gets hit by it. |
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Meteoroids |
Small asteroids that travel around the sun; they often enter the Earth's atmosphere and get burnt up there |
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Io |
421,600 km from Jupiter (5th), 2nd Smallest out of the Jovian moons, the most volcanically active body in the solar system |
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Europa |
670,900 km from Jupiter (6th), Smallest out of the Jovian moons, Salt water ocean beneath the icy surface |
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Ganymede |
1,070,000 km from Jupiter (7th), Biggest out of the Jovian moons, Biggest moon in the solar system and a bit cratered |
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Callisto |
1,883,000 km from Jupiter (8th), 2nd Biggest out of the Jovian moons, Thin atmosphere made of CO2 and O2 and the most heavily cratered body in the solar system |
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Craters |
Impacts from Asteroids, Meteoroids, and Comets that cause dents in the moon |
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Material that makes up the moon |
Dark Basaltic Rock |
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"Dark-Side" of the moon |
The side we never see because the moon revolves and rotates at the same speed |
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New Moon |
When the surface of the moon gets no sunlight |
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Waxing |
Gaining more sunlight; Growing |
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Waning |
Losing more sunlight; Shrinking |
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Full Moon |
When the entire surface of the sun gets illuminated with sunlight |
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How many days does it take for the moon to change phases |
3.5 days |
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Why does the moon's appearance change from day to day? |
The angle of reflection of the moon and its rotation around the earth with the amount of sunlight on its surface increasing or decreasing |
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Why is the far side of the moon look more different then the near side? |
Because it gets hit with more objects in space |
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How long does it take for the moon to orbit earth? |
29.5 Days |
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Gravity |
One of the 4 natural forces; force of attraction between all objects in the universe. |
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What determines an objects gravitational pull? |
Mass; More mass=Stronger pull of gravity |
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Tides |
Inward and outward flow of water that bulges the oceans out of earth; cause by the gravitational pull of the moon and a little bit of the sun. 2 high tides and low tides happen every day. |
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Spring Tide |
Occurs during Full and New moons; The Earth, Sun, and Moon are in a straight line and the tides are most extreme |
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Neap Tides |
Occurs during First and Last Quarter moons; The Sun and Moon are perpendicular to Earth and the tides are very similar in size |
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What 2 times do the high tides occur |
10:00 am and 10:00 pm |
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What 2 times do the low tides occur |
4:00 am and 4:00 pm |
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How long is a Earth Day? |
24 Hours (Well actually 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.0916 seconds, but you know, 24 hours works too) |
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Seasons |
Predictable Patterns in the Earth's Climate; Cause by the Earth being tilted on its axis |
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What angle is the Earth Tilted on? |
23.5 |
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Does mass affect how long a pendulum moves? |
No |
