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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the necessary sxs of major depressive disorder?
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sadness or lost of intrest and/ or pleasure
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What are the cognitive sxs of MDD?
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negetive view or self, low self esteem, self blame or guilt, pessimism, difficulty making decisions, poor concetration
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What are the motivational sxs of MDD?
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lack of response initation, psychomotor retardation (move and talk slower), psychomotor agitation (nervous energy, figiting)
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What are the somatic sxs of MDD?
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disturbance of appetite (increase or decrease) sleep disturbance (insomnia/ hypersomnia), reduced sex drive
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What is unique about the REM cycles of those with depression?
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They start eailer and last longer, they occur at the expernse of the deeper (3&4) stages of sleep
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How does depression comparte to dysthymia in terms of
severtiy: duration: onset: |
severity: MDD must meet 5/8 sxs, dysthymia onlyu 3/7
duration: MDD must last at least two weeks, dysthymia at least 2 years with no more than 2 months between sxs onset: MDD is a reation to a stressor, dysthymia is characterological (personality makeup) |
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What is double depression?
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Having both MDD and dysthymia at the same time. Dysthymia can become MDD
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Why is important to check for substance abuse in potentail MDD pts?
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substance abuse can create mood changes that do not qualify the pt for MDD, be on the look out for Hx of drug abuse, or withdrawl sxs
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What is the difference between primary and secondary depression?
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primary- the depression stands on its own and is the major cause of psychological suffering
secondary: the depression is in addtion to or cause by something else such as another mental disorder (OCD, social phobia ect) |
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What are thesubgroups of MDD?
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subgroup 1: melancholic features (endogenous)
subgroup 2: psychotic features subgroup 3: with seasonal pattern subgroup 4: with postpartum onset |
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What are the features of MDD subroup melancholic?
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depression from within instead of as reaction to stressor, unrealted to enviroment, loss of pleasure, unresponsive to good events, wake up early in morning, worse a.m. mood, significant wt loss, psychomotor retardation
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What are the features of MDD subgroup psychotic?
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Mood congruent, delusions need to be of depressive nature
especially good candidates for ECT |
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What are the features of MDD subgroup sesonal pattern?
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aka: Sesonal Affective Disorder
unique sxs- seems like hybernation must have 2 episodes in past that begin and recover at about the same time (doesn't have to be winter) |
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What are the fearutes of MDD subgroup postpartum?
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10% of mothers, begins within 4 weeks of birth, must meet criteria for MDD
not the normal "baby blues" which 50-80% of mothers experiance |
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Are women at greater risk for MDD after giving birth?
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No, same rate of depression among both sets of women.
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Is depression on the rise? Why or why not?
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Yes. Perhaps loss of traditional values, more drug abuse, and less social support. Also higher suicide rates among youth. Exaple: old order amish have rates of depression 1/5 of "nomral" society suggesting large social influence but the same rates of bipolor supporting a genetic cause.
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What is the gender ratio for MDD?
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2:1 females: males
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How do rates of depression vary with gender and age?
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In young life there is relativly no differnce, between 13-15 females become higher but still close, by 15-18 females become much higher and the 2:1 ratio is established and maintained
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What are some reasons for higher rates of depression among women?
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more permission to express sxs, reinforment for dependent behavior, rumination on feelings, more hormonal changes, (PMDD), limited opportunites, greater victimization, body issues, self esteem issues, pubessent physical changes
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How does depression relate to social class?
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More common in lower classes
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What are the lifetime prevalences for MDD and dysthymia?
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MDD- 17%, Dysthymia 6%
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What is the mean age of onset for MDD?
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27 (but this use to be higher, depression is increasing among the young)
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