Mood

Front 1

1. James-Lange

Back 1

emotion=a particular physiological state

Front 2

2. Cannon-Bard

Back 2

body reacts to a threat, while cortex assigns appropriate emotion

Front 3

3. Schachter-Singer:

Back 3

emotion is a cognitive label based on interpretation of situation

Front 4

2. Papez Circuit

Back 4

hypothalamus, mammilary bodies, anterior thalamus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyros, olfactory bulb, basal forebrain nuclei, and cingulate cortex

Front 5

3. Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Back 5

flattened affect, odd oral behaviors, hypersexuality) demonstrates impact of temporal limbic structures

Front 6

1. Fear

Back 6

amygdala

Front 7

2. Disgust

Back 7

insula and putamen

Front 8

3. Seeking/expectancy

Back 8

reward areas

Front 9

4. Panic

Back 9

anterior cingulated, dorsomedial thalamus, periaqueductal gray

Front 10

5. Happiness/play

Back 10

dorsomedial thalamus, periaqueductal gray

Front 11

2. Right hemisphere produces

Back 11

"withdrawal" types of responses

Front 12

3. Left hemisphere processes

Back 12

emotional meaning of verbal material

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left produces

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"approach" types of responses

Front 14

right processes

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nonverbal, both visual and auditory emotional cues

Front 15

Depression brain

Back 15

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Front 16

Depression sleep changes

Back 16

a. Far less stage 3 and 4, far more 1 and 2, shortened REM onset

Front 17

b. Shortened REM latency is the one change with highest correlation with depression

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selective REM deprivation makes depression remit

Front 18

explain symptoms of depression

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NE and 5HT

Front 19

C. Best current theory of how antidepressants work:

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C. down-regulation of key receptors S 6-1 to 6-6

Front 20

D. All antidepressants metabolized by

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CYP 450 system

Front 21

1. Classical MAO inhibitors

Back 21

phenelzine (Nardi])
tranylcipromine (Parnate)
isocarboxazip (Marplan)

Front 22

2. Newer MAO inhibitors

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moclobemide (Arorix)
deprenyl (Selegiline, Eldepryl)

Front 23

3. Tricyclic Antidepressants: impact

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5HT, NE, and sometimes DA by blocking reuptake pumps

Front 24

SSRI's

Back 24

block reuptake of serotonin

Front 25

blocks both NE and 5HT reuptake, and also is anti-anxiety

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F. Venlafaxin

Front 26

block 5HT 2A receptors as well as reuptake; used mostly in practice in conjunction with SSRI's

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G. Phenylpiperazines (nefazadone, trazadon

Front 27

classic Mood stabilizing drug

Back 27

Lithium

Front 28

Lithium

Back 28

1. Treats acute episodes, but also prevents recurrence
2. Works on only 40 to 50% of patients
3. Lots of gastrointestinal, cognitive and motor side effects are a problem

Front 29

Anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers

Back 29

1. Valproic acid (Depakote) appears to inhibit Na+ or Ca+2 channels and thus boost GABA's inhibitory action; also inhibits excitatory glutamate --mechanism may be either on enzymes or on the channels themselves

Front 30

1. Valproic acid (Depakote)

Back 30

appears to inhibit Na+ or Ca+2 channels and thus boost GABA's inhibitory action; also inhibits excitatory glutamate --mechanism may be either on enzymes or on the channels themselves

Front 31

2. Carbamazepam (Tegretol)

Back 31

may have similar effects on GABA, but not on glutamate

Front 32

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Back 32

increases GABA, probably by affecting transporter, and decreases glutamate

Front 33

4. Topiramate (Topamax)

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enhances GABA and reduces glutamate by interfering with both Na+ and Ca++ channels
—side effect of weight loss is unique (most cause weight gain)

Front 34

5. Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

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5. inhibits Na+ channels and inhibits release of glutamate—may be effective for the depressive phase as well as mania

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TRICYCLICS

Back 35

amitriptyline*
imipramine*
doxepin

Front 36

HE'I EROCYCLICS

Back 36

trazodone*
Serzone*

Front 37

SSRI

Back 37

Prozac* Zoloft* Paxil*
Celexa* Lexapro* Luvox*
fluoxetine* sertraline* paroxetine* citalopram*

Front 38

Norepinephrine/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Back 38

Wellbutrin*

Front 39

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic

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Remeron*

Front 40

SNRI' s

Back 40

Effexor* venlafaxine
Cymbalta*

Front 41

MAO Inhibitors I

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Nardil*
Parnate*
phenelzine* tranylcypromine*

Front 42

MAO Inhibitors R

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Arorix*
Eldepryl*

Front 43

MOOD STABILIZERS

Back 43

Lithobid* lithium* Neurontin* gabapentin*
Depakote* divalproic acid* Topamax* topiramate
Tegretol* carbamazepine* Lamictal* lamotrigine
Trileptal* oxcarbazepine