Monster Review Pt4

Front 1

How does the design of a typeface affect the legibility?

Back 1

The design of a
typeface directly affects legibility; the design of the typeface determines
that an h can be distinguished from an n, or a c from an o, etc.

Front 2

Does a designer have more control over legibility or readability?

Back 2

A
designer has more control over readability because they have the ability to
decide on tracking, line length, leading, etc.

Front 3

How does the selection of a font affect the message?

Back 3

The selection of
font can either enhance the message or it can contradict or undercut the
message.

Front 4

What is expressive type?

Back 4

Expressive type is type that may be hand drawn
or hewn to convey an emotional content.

Front 5

What is active type?

Back 5

Active type is type on a path that is irregular;
type that is not straight.

Front 6

What does contrast in type mean?

Back 6

Contract in type means that contrast of
stroke weights, structure and point size.

Front 7

Which is easier to read, flush left, or flush right body copy, and why?

Back 7

Flush left copy is the easiest to read, because we are the most accustomed to
it, and because there is a consistent line beginning point.

Front 8

Which is easier to read, reversed copy, or black type on white paper?
And why?

Back 8

Black type on white paper is the easiest to read because it is what we
are most accustomed to and because the type visually looks larger to our eyes
than reversed type does.

Front 9

When using shades of gray in type, how far apart should the percentages
be to assure optimum readability?

Back 9

The percentage of gray needs to be between
40 and 50% between text and the background.

Front 10

How does the audience for your piece affect type decisions for body
copy? give examples.

Back 10

The audience can affect the selection of a font for a large
x-height, heavy stroke width and large point size, especially if the audience
is senior citizens or very young readers. Yuo might also select a serif font
for older audiences who learned to read serif faces, and sans serif for younger
audiences who learned to read sans serif.

Front 11

What is the advantage of designing with a full family of fonts?

Back 11

When
designing with the full family of a font, you can create typographic interest and
syncopation on the page with different weight, italic, different tracking,
caps and small caps, yet still maintain a typographic harmony to the overall
piece.

Front 12

What is typographic hierarchy?

Back 12

Typographic hierarchy refers to the type
on the page being read in order of the largest and darkest first and so on
down in descending order.

Front 13

Why is it important for designers to understand typographic hierarchy?

Back 13

Type designer shave to understand typographic hierarchy so that they can
emphasize certain words or text on the page more than others,

Front 14

How can a designer use leading to create the effect of rhythm on the
page?

Back 14

Variation in leading on the page, some tight and some loose can create a
visual rhythm on the page.

Front 15

How can white space be used effectively in type design?

Back 15

White space can
be used to create a sense of vast open space; it can be used to show
closeness; it can give a reader’s eyes a place to rest; it can show a connection
between separate elements.

Front 16

What are stand firsts?

Back 16

Stand firsts are when the first line of text in
an article is set in bold, or italics, or all caps or small caps to entice the
reader into reading the article.

Front 17

How can rules, dingbats and directionals be used creatively in design?

Back 17

They can be used to separate area of text, to direct the reader’s eye to
something important, they can be used in frames and screened.

Front 18

How can varying the weights of type be a creative element in design?

Back 18

Varying the weights of type will give different emphasis to different sections of the type and can be used for emphasis.

Front 19

How can textured type be used creatively in design?

Back 19

Textured type can
be used to reinforce a concept of a surface in a headline, initial cap or a
screened word.

Front 20

How can you use type as illustration in design?

Back 20

Text type can be shaped
into a shape; headlines can swirl or be scrawled or float or appear to vibrate
to illustrate.

Front 21

When are en dashes used in copy?

Back 21

En dashes are used to show the word to,
as in 4–6.

Front 22

When are em dashes used in copy?

Back 22

Em dashes are used to attribute a quote
to an author, and when there are dashes in sentences in text.

Front 23

How do paragraph indents relate to line length?

Back 23

Paragraph indents should
be longer as the line length is longer; and shorter with a short column width.

Front 24

What are prime marks?

Back 24

Prime marks are straight quotes that are used to indicate feet or inches.

Front 25

How do they differ from curly quotes?

Back 25

Prime marks do not have a front
and back or 66 and 99 version, they are straight.

Front 26

How does an ellipsis differ from three periods?

Back 26

An ellipsis is more
closely spaced than three periods and will not give as great a break in the text
as period space period, etc.

Front 27

What is an ampersand?

Back 27

An ampersand is the and symbol &.

Front 28

How should AM and PM be handled in copy?

Back 28

AM and PM should always be set
as small caps.

Front 29

What is the difference between hard and soft return?

Back 29

A hard return will
give you a paragraph indent; a soft return will simply return you to the left
margin. Hard returns are used when transitioning to a new paragraph; soft
returns are used to insert hyphens or to get rid of bad breaks.

Front 30

How should type align under a bullet?

Back 30

Under a bullet, type that runs
onto a second line ( called runovers) should be flush with the text next to the
bullet. Text following a bullet always is preceded by a space.

Front 31

What do you do to the title of a book in copy for emphasis?

Back 31

Italicize
the title of a book in text for emphasis; never bold it.

Front 32

When do you use bold in body copy?

Back 32

Use bold copy only in
callouts—followed by a definition.

Front 33

When do you have to be aware of rivers in body copy?

Back 33

You have to be
aware of rivers in justified copy because the word spaces have been adjusted to
make the right side of the column flush.

Front 34

What are rivers?

Back 34

Rivers are enlarged word spaces that align vertically
through a column of type; they are undesirable and distracting for the reader.

Front 35

What are orphans?

Back 35

Orphans are when either the first or last line of a
paragraph is separated in a different column from the other lines of the
paragraph. The worst kind of orphan is when one line of a paragraph falls onto a whole new page.

Front 36

What is the rag of the type?

Back 36

The rag of type in F/L copy refers to the
relative lengths of the right line endings; you do not want the lines to be too disparate in length, they should be roughly the same length and not vary
widely.

Front 37

Why do you want to avoid two hyphens in a row?

Back 37

You can add a soft return
before one of the hyphenated word to flow that text onto the next line,
change the tracking, or add a small word to one of the lines with the hyphen.

Front 38

What is shaped body copy?

Back 38

Shaped body copy is when the text forms the silhouette of an image, such as a crescent moon or a wedding cake.

Front 39

What does setting type solid mean?

Back 39

Setting type solid means that the
point size of the text and the point size of the leading are the same, meaning
that there is very little white space between lines. Set solid type is
particularly hard to read.

Front 40

What are dingbats?

Back 40

Dingbats are another term for small decorative type
elements.

Front 41

What are coins?

Back 41

Coins are decorative type elements that conform to
corners and are designed as mirror images of each other.

Front 42

What are flourishes?

Back 42

Flourishes are scroll like delicate graceful
curving line decorations used in type layouts.

Front 43

What are fleurons?

Back 43

Fleurons are decorative type elements that are
designed based on natural motifs such as berries, leaves, etc.

Front 44

What are fillets?

Back 44

Fillets are decorative lines that often look engraved
used to separate areas of type.

Front 45

What are cartouches?

Back 45

Cartouches are decorative frames that are elaborate
and intricate.

Front 46

What are borders?

Back 46

Borders are geometric designs that are made up of
repeated elements that can be made into a border around type or images.

Front 47

What are pointer ornaments?

Back 47

Pointer ornaments include arrows, hands and triangles that are used to direct the reader’s attention to an element on the
page.

Front 48

What are paragraph divider ornaments?

Back 48

Paragraph divider ornaments are
square decorative designs that are sometimes used in justified copy to indicate the end of a paragraph. These dividers are only used with 2–3 paragraphs of
body copy.

Front 49

What is the grid?

Back 49

The grid is an underlying structure that can help
designers in the placement of elements on the page for unity and balance; however
the grid can also be broken ad disregarded all together in design.

Front 50

What is clotheslining body copy?

Back 50

Clotheslining of body copy is when the
top lines of adjacent columns of text align, but the bottoms of the columns
run different lengths.

Front 51

Why should type base align across columns?

Back 51

Type should base align across
columns so that it is not distracting for the reader.

Front 52

How should white space be used in a layout?

Back 52

It should be placed more to
the perimeter than the center, and white space is used to balance other
elements on the page and to provide a visual rest for the viewer.