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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What four questions need to be asked to determine duration and onset of monoarthritis?
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Over/ Under 6 week?
Previous episodes? Rapidly/ slowly worse? Circumstances of onset? |
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In the PMH, what factors are commonly associated with gout/ other crystals?
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HTN
Renal failure Hypercholesterolaemia Dehydration |
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In the PMH, what factors are associated with a predisposition to infection?
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Chronic/ Systemic disease or Malignancy
Joint replacement Recent infection |
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Name 5 systemic features
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Fever
Malaise Weight loss Anorexia Infections (Skin/respiratory/urinary) |
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Give 8 differentials of a swollen knee
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1. Septic arthritis
2. Crystal synovitis (Gout/ pseuodgout) 3. Trauma (Cartliage/ Ligamentous) 4. Haemarthrosis 5. Chronic Inflammatory (OA/ TB arthritis/ Psoriatic arthritis) 6. Aseptic necrosis 7. Sero- negative arthritides (Psoriatic) 8. Reactive arthritis |
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What investigations would be carried out following aspiration of the joint?
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Microscopy - Gram stain/ Culture + sensitivity
Histopathology Distinguish infection from crystals |
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What blood tests would be carried out?
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CRP
LFTs U+E ESR Serum urate Cultures FBC |
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Can you name 3 other investigations that would be carried out?
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X-Ray
Urine dipstick Swabs |
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What are the 3 components of synovial fluid analysis?
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Cells (above 50000/mm3 + above 90% neutrophils)
Chemistry (Low glucose in infection) Macroscopic (Turbid/ Poor mucin clot/ Not viscous- inflammation) |
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Name 4 other risk factors for monoarthritis
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FMH
1. Gout 2. Haemophillia/ other bleeding disorder Social Hx 3. Alcoholism 4. Drug abuse |
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What drugs can cause sepsis?
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Cytotoxic drugs
IV drug use/ abuse Corticosteroids |
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What drugs can increase the risk of haemarthrosis?
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Anticoagulants
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What drugs increase the risk of gout?
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Diuretics
Nephrotoxic drugs |
