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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Thalamus
1. Where is it 2. What does it do (3 things) |
1. Forebrain
2. a) Sensory transmission to the brain b)motor activity c) Memory Processing |
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Damage to Thalamus (1)
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Korsakoff syndrome (thyamine deficiency)
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Hypothalamus
1. Where is it 2. What does it do (2 things) |
1. Forebrain
2.Homeostasis Sets the alarm reaction of the GAS |
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GAS
A. What is it B. What are the stages (3) C. What stimulates it |
A) Stress system - General Alarm System
B) 3 stages 1. Alarm reaction 2. Resistence 3. Exhaustion C) Hypothalmus |
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Hippocampus
1. Where is it (specifically)? 2. What does it do (1) 3. Implicit or explicit? |
1. Part of the limbic system of the forebrain
2. a)Consolidates STM to LTM "declarative memories" b)Explicit memory |
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Explicit memory
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Requires conscious recollection
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Pons
1. Where is it? 2 What does it do (2 things) |
1. Hindbrain
2. a) Movement between R and L side of the body b) Connects 2 halves of the cerebellum |
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Medulla
1. Where is it 2. What does it do 3. Damage 4. Implicit or explicit? |
1. Hindbrain
2. Breathing, heartbeat, digestion, blood pressure 3. Damage is fatal 4. Implicit memory |
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Limbic system
1. Where is it? 2. What's in it? 3. Function |
1. Forebrain
2. Hippocampus and Amygdala 3. Mediating emotions |
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Amygdala
1. Where is it 2. What does it do (5 things) |
1. Part of the limbic system in the forebrain
2. a)Motivational and emotional activities b)Fear conditioning c) Adds emotions to memories d) Learning about rewards and punishment e) helps recall emotionally charged experiences |
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PNS
1. What is it 2. Parts |
1. Peripheral Nervous System
2. Somatic and Autonomic |
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Cerebellum
1. Where is it 2. What does it do (3) HINT |
1. Hindbrain
2. a) Balance, posture and motor movements b) sensorimotor learning c)cognitive functioning |
2 brain functions
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Ataxia
1. What is it (3) 2. What causes it |
1.
a) Loss of balance and coordination b) slurred speech c) severe tremors 2. Damage to the cerebellum |
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RAS
1. what is it 2. Where is it 3. Functions (3) |
1. Reticular Activating System
2. Midbrain 3. Consciousness, arousal and wakefulness |
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Corpus callosum: What does it do (1)
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Connects info from the L and R hemispheres to prevent "split brains"
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Contralateral representation
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The L hemisphere of the brain controls the actions on the R side of the body, and vice versa
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3 Left hemisphere functions
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1.Positive emotions
2.Written and Spoken Language 3.Analytical Thinking |
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4 Right hemisphere functions
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1. Spatial relationships
2. Negative emotions 3. Creativity 4. Facial recognition |
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Hemispheric Specialization
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The L side of the brain is usually dominant
The R side is non dominant |
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Primary motor cortex
1. Memory types (2) 2. Location |
1.
a)Sensorimotor memory b)Implicit memory 2. Frontal lobe |
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Frontal Lobe lesions cause (2)
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Pseudodepression and pseudopsychopathy
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Broca's area
1. Function 2. Location (specifically) |
1. Speech production
2. Premotor cortex in the frontal lobe |
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Wernicke's area
1. Function 2. Location (hemisphere) |
1. Speech comprehension
2. L Temporal lobe (dominant hemisphere) |
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Prefrontal cortex
1. Functions (3) 2. Location |
1.
a)Emotions b) STM and episodic memory c) executive functioning 2. Frontal lobe |
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1. Temporal lobe memory functions (3)
2. Damage |
1. LTM encoding, storage and retreival
2. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia |
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Occipital lobe location
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Near back of the brain
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Primary Visual cortex
1. Function 2. Location |
1. Visual perception, recognition and memory
2. Occipital lobe near the back of the brain |
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Somatic NS
1. Function 2. Location |
1. Voluntary activities
2. PNS |
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Autonomic NS
1. Includes 2. Location |
1. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic NS
2. PNS |
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Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic
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Paraspympathetic: rest relaxation and digestion
Sympathetic: Arousal, energy, flight or fight |
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Anterograde and retrograde amnesia are caused by damage to the_________
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Hippocampus
(memory functions) |
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Hindbrain parts (3)
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Medulla
Pons Cerebellum |
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Reticular formation
1. Function 2. Location |
1. Affects REM sleep
2. Part of the RAS in the midbrain |
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Acetylcholine functions
1. PNS 2. CNS (3) |
1. Causes muscles to contract
2. a)REM sleep b) regulating the sleep-wake cycle c) memory |
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1. Degeneration of ACh cells causes one thing that is not an anticholinergic symptom.
2.How/Where? |
1. Memory Loss
2. Reduces communicating with the hippocampus |
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Catecholamines
3 types |
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine Dopamine |
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4 Norepinephrine functions
HINT |
1. Mood
2. Heartbeat 3. Blood flow 4. Responses to stress |
3 are physical
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Low levels of norepinephrine and dopamine cause (1)
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depression
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High activity in dopamine synapses causes (2)
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schizo and Tourettes
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Dopmaine's primary function
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Movement
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Dopamine degeneration (1)
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Parkinsonian symptoms (L-dopa)
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Excessive Dopamine
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Reinforcing actions of stimulants
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Cocaine and dopamine
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Cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake SO it increases the dopamine leves in the synapses
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Elevated serotonin causes (2)
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Schizo and autism
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Low serotonin causes (6)
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Depression, PTSD, OCD, aggression, mania and migraines
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What causes motor symptoms of Huntingtons (1)
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Degeneration of GABA cells in the basal ganglia
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Glutamate functions (2)
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Learning and memory, esp LTM formation (long term potentiation)
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4 Prefrontal Cortex functions
(hint) |
Self-Awareness
Emotion Executive functioning Memory |
SEEM
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Prefrontal cortex damage (2)
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Planning and decision making problems
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Temporal lobe damage (3)
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1. auditory agnosia and hallucinations
2. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia 3. Changes in sexuality |
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Wernicke's aphasia AKAs (3)
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Receptive aphasia
Sensory A Impressive A |
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Wernicke's aphasia speech problems
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Speech is fluid but abnormal
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Visual agnosia
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Can't recognize objects
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Prosopagnosia
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Can't recognize faces
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Somatosensory cortex
1. Function 2. Location |
1. Pressure, temperature and pain
2. Parietal lobe |
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Apraxia
1: where would it occur 2. what is it |
Parietal lobe
Damage- Inability to do skilled motor movements |
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Asomatognosia
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Can't recognize your own body
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Anosognosia
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Can't recognize your own symptoms on your L side
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3 types of memory in the prefrontal cortex
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STM, espically working memory
Episodic memory Prespective memory |
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Basal Ganglia
1. Functions (2) 2. Location 3. Implicit or explicit? |
1.
a) Voluntary movements b) sensorimotor learning 2. Forebrain 3. Implicit memory |
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2 Spinal cord functions
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1. Carries info between the brain and the PNS
2. Coordinates activites of the L and R sides of the body |
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4 Spinal cord parts and functions
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1. Cervical
2.Thoracic- trunk, arms, hands 3.Lumbar- thigh, hip, leg 4. Sacral- lower leg and foot |
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4 GABA functions
HINT |
Sleep
Eating Anxiety disorders Seizures |
SEAS
physiological |