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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who are the Mongols
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Asian Nomads
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When were Mongols conquering Asia
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In the early 1200s
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Mongol Empire
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The largest continental empire of medieval and modern times
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Mongol people
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amazing horsemen, tough people / strong families / adaptable to the environment
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Landscape / Environment
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Alpine - cold and dangerous
Steepe - treeless pasture - great for grazing Taiga (northern forest) - cold long winters Desert - extremely hot / little vegetation River Valleys |
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Effects of Landscapes on Mongols
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Harsh climates = harsh tough people
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Why did they start a campaign of conquest
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Unable to get what they needed, they went searching for the goods and resources of others
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Why were they successful?
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They had outstanding military, leadership skill and most important horses
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Why were mongols so strong on horseback?
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They learned how to ride before they learned
how to walk, and they could advance up to 200 miles a day on horseback |
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What did they live in
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Yurts
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What did Mongols value
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horses, fine clothing, women
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How were Mongols like us
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- lived in families
- had friends - sought wealth |
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What was the Mongol view of different religions
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They believed each religion had some truth in it. They
accepted all religions. |
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Name positive impacts made by the Mongols
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promoted trade and travel throughout empire, used silk road again, popular place to visit, military tactics changed, fostered spread of ideas from Asia to Europe
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Appearance & Clothing
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They didn’t wash their clothes because hanging clothes to dry would anger the gods.
Men, unmarried women and girls wore a tunic. Women were concerned with being attractive. Examples were to wear make-up and body piercings and even cutting off their nose. Women gave birth standing up. |
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Men & Women's Roles
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They were ready for war at all times. The men did the building of weapons and houses and caring for the animals.
The women prepared food. When the men left, the women were responsible for everything the family owned. Women were allowed to ride horses and fight alongside the men. Women sole caregivers for children. Very Patriarchal society Use felt to cover houses - men responsible for building houses. |
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Diet and Medicine
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The main diet is meat, milk and millet.
They did not use napkins, but wiped their hands on clothing or anything they could find. They were not picky eaters. They were known to eat lice or human flesh. To take poison out of a wound they would suck it out in hopes of saving the person. |
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Religious Beliefs
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Religion was based on respect for nature because of their fear of it. Thought earth was evil; guardian spirits would protect cattle
Many gods. Priests spoke to dead gods and human spirits. Afraid of lightening. Shamans (mongol priests) were honored. They rubbed the mouths of the statues of gods with food. They worshipped fire. Rivers were sacred so they didn’t urinate in it or use river water to bathe.Never burned trash |
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Marriage
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Mongolian men had many wives.
Men would kidnap a woman if he wanted a wife. A son could marry his dead father’s wife; however, he would not marry his mom. A father arranged the marriage for his daughter. Unmarried partners could have children and they were considered legitimate. |
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Death & Burial
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When a person dies the ritual was to have the family members pass through fire in an attempt to purify them.
When a person dies their possessions were destroyed. When someone was about to die, everyone left them. Noble people were buried in a secret place. |
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Manners Ethics & Laws
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Mongols respected their leaders and one another.
Death was the penalty for adultery, spying, urinating in water, going bankrupt, giving food to a captive, not retrieving the equipment dropped by a warrior in front of them. Mongols rarely committed robberies or murder. |
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what is an Anda
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It was sworn brotherhood that allowed people to swear allegiance to a clan other than the one they were born into.
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How is a clan determined
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Clan members were related by kinship. Clans had a formal leader who was usually the eldest male. They were normally made up of several three or four generation family
groups. |
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what is a khan
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A mongol ruler
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How did Genghis communicate on the battlefield?
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drums, horns, shouts and even bird calls
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What did Genghis feel were the Mongols’ weaknesses?
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no written language, weaponry he copied other people to improve army and made a captured scribe create a written language for them
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What made Genghis a successful ruler
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He respected knowledge and belief of others, missionairies and merchants were allowed to journey through Mongol lands, made a series of laws forbidding fighting among tribes
He unified many tribes into one strong team with a clear chain of command within the larger army and created order on the battlefield |
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When was Genghis Khan's Empire Divided
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1229
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What was the problem having the empire divided
into 4 sections? |
The Khanates did not communicate alot
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What led to the breakdown of the empire
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They were better conquerors than rulers. Too
hard to control such a vast area, communication became difficult between Khanates. Too many disputes on who would take over for Genghis Khan |
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How was Temujin unique
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Brace and defiant.
Afraid of dogs. A longer with own sense of destiney. Father died of poison. was a proficient hunter and physically superior. Powerful and respected |
