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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common characteristics of all monerans
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unicellular
sometimes colonial prokaryotic have ribosomes no protein on chromosomes heterotroph via absorption some autotraph via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis a sexual- binary fission primative sexual by conjunction , transformation, transduction have cell wall |
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Basic structure of a prokaryotic cell
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cell membrane
cell wall capsule slime layer chromosome plasmid ribosomes flagella pili (pilus) endospore |
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Basic structure of a
eukaryotic cell |
cell membrane
chloraphyll chloroplasts ribosomes nuclear membrane dna mitochondria |
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form (shape type of cell wall)of monerans
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cocci -shaped like spheres
bacilli- shaped like rods sprilli - spiral shaped _____________________________ cell wall= composed of peptidogicyan (protien+ carbohydrate) |
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Respiration equation
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C6H12O6---->CO2+H20+ATP
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Gram positive
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protein/sugar = peptidogcylan
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Gram negative
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fat / sugar layer =lipid
protein/sugar = peptidogcylan |
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Motility of monerans
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in order for a moneran to move it must have flagella(long whip like projections that allow for movement by rotating rapidly)
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Ecological role of monerans
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PRODUCERS( organism that is able to make its own food from inorganic substances)
DECOMPOSERS(organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic material) Parasites(organisms that survive by living and feeding either inside or attached to outer surfaces of another organism- doing harm to the host) NITROGEN FIXERS(kive in hodules in roots of some plants) |
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Autotroph
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make their own organic molicules from CO2
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Heterotrophs
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can't make their own oganic molecules
* must take in from surroundings via absorption |
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4 Human diseases caused by monerans
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gangrene
tuberculosis bubonic plague tyroid fever scarlet fever |
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obligate anaerobes
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fermentation only
cant survive with O2 can survive without out O2 |
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Faculative Anaerobes
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fermentation and respiration
can survive with O2 can survive without O2 |
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Obligate aerobes
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respiration only
can survive with O2 cant survive without O2 |
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Fermentation equation
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C3H6O3+2ATP+C2H6O+C2H4O2
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Photosynthesis equation
and what monerans are photosynthetic |
6CO2+6H20---->C6H12O6+6O2
=cyanbacteria |
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Decomposers (sprophytes) obtain their food
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feed on dead organic matter
eg. plants animals |
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Parasites obtain their food
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feed on or in bodies of living organisms and cause them harm
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antibiotics
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a chemical that selectively kills bacteria when it is taken into the body as a medicine
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how do antibiotics prevent bacterial growth
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antibiotics interfere with bacterial enzymes without harming hosts enzymes
NON SPECIFIC - kill beneficial bacteria as well as pathogens prevents natural immunity from developing overuse results in development of risistant strands of bacteria |
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How do pathogenic bacteria affect their host (two ways)
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1.the bacteria can damage the hosts cells directly by breaking them down to use for food
2. the bacteria can produce toxins(poisons) which will damage the hosts tissues |
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Preventing pathogens from entering the body
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sterilization- subjecting them to high temperatures or to chemical solutions called sisenfectants
Food processing - refridgeriate- boiling - frying- steaming. |
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specific ways
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primary immune response
- production of anitbodies specific to the bacteria antigen by b-lymphocyte WBC Secondary immune response antibodies produces so quickly and in such large #'s that the disease never gets a chance to develop |
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non specific
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skin
oil & sweat mucus & hairs cilia acid and digestive enzymes phagocytic cells- injest & destroy bacteria fever- increased body temp. slows/stops bacteria from growth / reproduction |
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Binary Fission
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occurs when conditions ar favourable
DNA replicates/divides in half produces 2 new daughter cells type of a sexual reproduction |
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Transformation
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a bacterium absorbs DNA released by broken or dead bacterium
- gains new traits(genes) this way eg. resistance to antibiotics |
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Conjunction
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involves transfer of DNA (usually plasmid DNA) from one cell to another across a conjunction pilis
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Parasitism
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organism that survives by living and feeding either in or attached to outer surfaces of another organism- doing harm to the host.
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Commensalism
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symbiosis in which one member benefits and the other isnt harmed
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mutualism
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symbiosis in which two species live together in such away that they both benefit from the relationship
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