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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protein or protein-based molecules that speed up chemical reactions occurring in living things.
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Enzymes
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The end result of a reaction
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Product
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A pocket or crevice on an enzyme molecule that fits reactant molecules like a hand in a glove.
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Active Site
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A substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or produced by it.
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Catalyst
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The minimum energy required to convert reactants into products.
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Activation energy
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The ingredients needed to create a product.
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Reactants
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The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.
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Induced Fit
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A substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme for a certain reaction to take place.
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Co-Factor
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A form of enzyme inhibition where binding the inhibitor to the enzyme prevents the binding of the subustrate and vice versa.
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Competitive Inhibitor
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A type of inhibition that reduces the maximum rate of a chemical reaction without changing the apparent binding affinity of the catalyst for the substrate in the case of enzyme inhibition.
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Non-Competitive Inhibitor
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For proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses it's native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive
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Denaturation
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The capacity to do work by moving matter against an opposing force.
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Energy
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The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by transferring some of its kinetic energy to other matter.
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement.
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Potential energy
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In sugars created by plants via photosynthesis, where is energy stored?
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In the carbon bonds of the sugar.
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In sugars created by plants via photosynthesis, where does the energy come from?
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Sunlight
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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Energy in the universe is constant
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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Energy conversions increase the disorder of the universe.
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What is entropy?
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A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness symbolized by S.
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What is an endergonic reaction?
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A reaction which requires an input of energy and yields products rich in potential energy.
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What is an exergonic reaction?
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A chemical reaction which releases energy from the covalent bonds of the reactants.
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A series of chemical reactions that either break down a complex molecule or build up a complex molecule.
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Metabolic Pathway
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The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
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Energy Coupling
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Describe the Structure of the ATP molecule.
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It is made up of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
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Where is energy stored in the ATP molecule?
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Between the second and third phosphate groups.
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A nitrogenous base in ATP.
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Adenine
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A five carbon sugar in ATP.
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Ribose
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What powers most forms of cellular work?
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ATP
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What molecule is used for long term energy storage in animals?
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Glycogen
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What molecule is used for long term energy storage in plants?
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Starch
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A molecule used for long term energy storage.
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Lipids
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