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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how much do genetics contribute to personality
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it can range from 40-60% variance, due to error, diff in people (GENES PLAY A ROLE!)
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types of studies?
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twin studies, adoption studies
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are there specific genes for personality?
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no singular gene as been identified,
however genes that regulate dopamine associated with novelty seeking, genes that regulate serotonin associated with neuroticism and agreeableness. |
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is the gene expression dependent on environmental factors?
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YES, (we are carriers of genes that might never be expressed.)
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neurophysical mechnanisms
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theoretical approches as to how bio factors account for thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
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Hans Eysenck ARAS model
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diff in extraverts and introverts as a function of cortical arousal or alertness (the ability to be aroused, alert)- there are diff baseline levels of arousal- extraverts have lower baseline levels of cortical activation. diff in baseline levels have not been fully supported, however evidence that introverts are highly sensitive or reactive to stimuli
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Jeffrey Gray Approach/ Inhibition Model
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personality rooted in motivational forces that respond to reward and punishment-
1) behavioral approach system(BAS)- the 'go' system, brain structures that lead to reward pursuit Behavioral Inhibition system (BIS)- the stop system, brain structuers that respond to punishment and inhibit behavior theory- extraverts hae a stronger BAS, introverts have a stronger BIS system -extraverts respond more heavily to rewards even after punishments. people who are more anxious show greater response in amygdala to neutral stimuli. |
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temperment (innate biological structure of personalty) what 3 levels are there?
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Activity level (energy), sociability (affiliation), emotionality (intensity)
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I self
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the knower the agent (thinking feeling, acting)
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me self-
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the object, self awareness, the sense of self as an object of attention 'I' thinks about 'me'
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self schema?
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memories, beliefs, traits, all contribute to the self.
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self- evaluative comparisons-
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comparing performance in relation to self concepts and in relation to others
theory- self concepts threatened when performance doesnt match schema or the performance of significant others is better than our own. maintenance- change self concept or distance yourself from the other |
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social comparisons-
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comparing actions, beliefs, abilities to others. helps us to understand our action and emotions
downward comparisons bolsters self esteem, but upward comparisons can reinforce negative self-feelings. |
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self-serving biases-
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taking credit for success and blaming failures on outside factors
thought to be useful in maintaining/ protecting positive self concepts considered healthy, but can lead to unrealistic self-concepts |
