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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Boyle's Law?
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Gas volume inversely proportional to pressure
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What is Charles's Law?
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Volume directly proportional to temperature
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What is Avogadro's Law?
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Equal volumes of different gases means equal number of molecules.
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What are isomers?
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Same chemical formula, different arrangement of bonds
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What are stereoisomers?
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Same formula, same bonding, different orientations in space.
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What are enantiomers?
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Stereoisomers that are mirror images
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What are epimers?
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Stereoisomers (of sugars) that differ only in the configuration of one hydroxyl group at an asymmetric center (ie) glucose and galactose are C4 epimers
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What are anomers?
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Stereoisomers that differ only in configuration at the C1 (anomeric) carbon
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
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conservation of energy.
"the energy of a system is constant it only changes form." or "energy cannot be created or destroyed" |
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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Spontaneous energy change increases entropy
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What is the third law of thermodynamics?
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Minimum entropy at absolute zero
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What are catalysts?
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Accelerate reaction, not consumed by reaction
These are enzymes in biochemistry |
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What reaction/reagent is used to measure urine glucose?
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Benedict's reagent (Cu2+)
-Copper oxide is a red precipitate |
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What causes acidic urine?
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1. Diet high in meat protein
2. During blood serum acidosis |
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What organ responds to changes in urine pH?
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Kidneys
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
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Acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors.
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What are the symptoms of acidosis?
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*Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, faster breathing
*Headache, drowsiness, stupor, coma |
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What are the symptoms of alkalosis?
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Irritability, muscle twitching, muscle cramps.
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If your benedict's test is positive, but the strip test is negative what does that suggest?
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That glucose is not in the urine, but galactose or fructose probably are.
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