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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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translation |
protein synthesis on ER using ribosomes AUG start codon ribosome incorporates aa into polypeptide chain RNA is decoded by tRNA ends with stop codon codons recognized by ribosome |
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ribosome a) general b) E.coli |
a) small and large subunit = synthesis centre mediate protein synthesis P site and A site small subunit attaches to specific mRNA sequence large subunit is site for synthesis b) 70s ribosome consists of 50S and 30S subunit |
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Amino acids |
20 natural occurring amino acids in proteins distinguishable due to side chain characteristic chemical properties each: amino group - central CH - carboxyl group and R connected via peptide bond each has a specific carrier - tRNA |
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genetic code a) stop codons b) start |
a) UAA UAG UGA b) AUG Methionine recognized by methanol-tRNA which is unique to enter P site of ribosome (CUG) Leucine (GUG) Valine |
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posttranslational modifications general |
chemical modifications: glycosylation acetylation phosphorylation proteolytic cleavage affects folding of protein (secondary - tertiary - quaternary structure) |
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molecular chaperons |
structures that assemble different proteins, e.g. to form enzymes |
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color blindness |
8% males, 0.04% females color perception depends on three genes --> producing chemicals sensitive to different part of vis light red and green on x chromosome blue on autosome |
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news 2009 color blindness |
gene therapy with retrovirus and the human gene in primates |
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GOAL of translation |
synthesize sequence of aa based on the nucleotide message of DNA via mRNA |
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posttranslational modifications of amines (K / N-terminus) (4) |
methylation acetylation formylation lipoid acid etc |
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post translational modification of sulphydryls (C) (4) |
disulphide bond cysteinylation oxidation glutathionylation |
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post translational modification of aides & amides (E/D/Q/N) (3) |
pyroglutamic acid (Q) carboxylation (E/D) deamination (Q/N) |
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post translational modification of hydroxyl groups (S/T/Y) (2) |
phosphorylation sulphation |
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post translational modifications of carbohydrates (S/T/N) (6) |
pentoses hexosamines n-acetylhexosamines deoxyhexoses hexoses sialic acid |
