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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the classifications of lung tumors?
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Bronchogenic epithelial carcinomas are split into small cell carcinomas and non small cell carinomas (80-90%).
NSCC are split into adenocarcinomas (40%) and squamous cell carcinomas (60%). |
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Which features are associated with higher response rates in lung cancer?
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Adenocarcinoma
Women Nonsmokers Asian |
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What are the two kinds of biopsy?
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Fine needle aspirate
Core biopsy |
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What are morphologic features of adenocarcinoma?
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Glandular
Mucin containing cells Vacuoles |
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What are morphologic features of squamous cell carcinoma?
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Sheets of eosinophilic cells
Keratin present |
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Which immunohistochemical markers are present in adenocarcinoma?
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Thydroid transcription factor 1
Napsin |
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Which immunohistochemical markers are present in squamous cell carcinoma?
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p63
CK 5/6 |
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What are common mutations associated with adenocarcinoma?
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KRAS
EGFR ALK ROS |
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What is the abnormality in EGFR mutation in adenocarcinoma?
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Mutation in tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR leads to increase activity of intracellular signaling cascade.
Located on exons 19 and 21 |
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What is the treatment for EGFR adenocarcinoma?
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EGFR-TKI
Erlotinib and Gefitinib Block ATP binding to TK domain to prevent downstream signaling. |
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How are normal cells distinguished from tumor cells in lung cancer biopsy?
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Laser capture microscopy
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What test is used for EGFR? ALK? ROS? KRAS?
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EGFR and KRAS- PCR
ALK and ROS- FISH |
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How does the FISH assay work for ALK mutations?
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ALK is normally close to another gene, resulting in a yellow signal in normal gene.
When mutated, ALK moves to a new location and the signal is split into green and red. |
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What test is done instead of ALK/ ROS FISH assay?
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PCR for KRAS. KRAS is mutually exclusive for ALK and ROS. PCR is cheaper.
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What is the treatment for ALK adenocarcinoma?
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Crizotinib
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What DNA tests are done for colon cancer? Why are they different from lung cancer?
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Colon cancer treatment are monoclonal antibodies.
KRAS and BRAF mutations block therapy, so they are tested for to determine therapy resistance. |
