Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How does RNA differ from DNA?
|
It is single stranded, contains a 2' hydroxyl and contains U instead of T.
|
|
|
What is a promoter?
|
A region of DNA immediately 5' to the gene and is required and sufficient for transcription initiation by RNA polyermase
|
|
|
What are transcription factors?
|
Bind to promoter and direct transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene.
|
|
|
What are enhancers?
|
DNA sequences that bind transcription factors and further stimulate the promoter.
|
|
|
What is an ORF?
|
Open reading frame - located in the coding region of a gene.
|
|
|
T/F - By default, the eukaryotic genome is inactive, where as the prokaryotic genome is active unless repressed.
|
True
|
|
|
Where does the energy required for RNA synthesis come from?
|
Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate
|
|
|
Unlike DNA synthesis however, this is not needed for synthesis of RNA and proofreading functions are present
|
A primer
|
|
|
There are three types of RNA Polymerase. Where is RNA Polymerase I located and what does it produce?
|
Nucleolus
rRNA |
|
|
Where is RNA Polymerase II located and what does it produce?
|
Nucleoplasm
nuclear RNA, snRNA, snoRNA |
|
|
Where is RNA Polymerase III located and what does it produce?
|
Nucleoplasm
5 S RNA, tRNA, snRNA |
|
|
What is alpha-Amanitin?
|
A potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase II and to a lesser extent III. Found in a certain mushroom
|
|
|
What are the 3 stages of transcription?
|
Initiation - events leading up to the incorporation of the first nucleotide (most regulated)
Elongation - successively adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain Termination - events leading to the incorporation of the last nucleotide |
|
|
How does initiation occur?
|
Transcription factors bring RNA polyermase to the promoter. This is known as recruitment.
|
|
|
What is an initiator region?
|
A DNA sequence within the promoter region found around the site at which RNA Polyermase starts transcribing
|
|
|
What is the TATA Box?
|
Found near the initiator region, very important sequence for RNA Polymerase II. The binding site for a crucial protein known as TBP (TATA Binding Protein). Point mutations here severely depress transcription and can be correlated witht he loss of TBP binding.
|
|
|
What are upstream activating sequences?
|
DNA sequences upstream of the start site which stimulate transcription.
|
|
|
What are enhancers?
|
DNA sequences that increase the activity of promoters. However, an enhancer alone cannot promote initiation
|
