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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2. What's the basis of heredity?
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genetic material is stable but variable
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2. Explain how Mendel's experiment proved his law of INDEPENDENT SEGREGATION.
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Mendel used truebreeding parents and the F1 generation displayed all dominant, but in the F2 generation the recessive trait re-emerged, which shows that the alleles separate during gamete formation and are transmitted independently
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2. What's the difference between Mendel's law of independent assortment and Mendel's law of independent segregation?
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ASSORTMENT: separation of different alleles, for same gene/trait
SEGREGATION: segregation of alleles of different genes/traits |
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2. Give an example of codominance and explain what it is.
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both dominant phenotypes are expressed (Ex: blood types - AB)
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2. Define incomplete dominance
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when heterozygotes have a phenotype that's in between the parents' phenotypes
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2. What's the basis of heredity?
|
genetic material is stable but variable
|
|
|
2. Explain how Mendel's experiment proved his law of INDEPENDENT SEGREGATION.
|
Mendel used truebreeding parents and the F1 generation displayed all dominant, but in the F2 generation the recessive trait re-emerged, which shows that the alleles separate during gamete formation and are transmitted independently
|
|
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2. What's the difference between Mendel's law of independent assortment and Mendel's law of independent segregation?
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ASSORTMENT: separation of different alleles, for same gene/trait
SEGREGATION: segregation of alleles of different genes/traits |
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2. Give an example of codominance and explain what it is.
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both dominant phenotypes are expressed (Ex: blood types - AB)
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2. Define incomplete dominance
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when heterozygotes have a phenotype that's in between the parents' phenotypes
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3. What contribution(s) did Walter Sutton make?
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a) paired nuclear structures
b) one structure distributed to each gamete during meiosis |
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4. What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins do?
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discovered that DNA = helical/ composed of at least 2 polynucleotide chains/ bases are stacked perpendicular to axis of the helix
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4. What did Chargaff find?
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purine ratio=pyrimidine ratio
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4. Todd was responsible for what contribution in DNA?
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discovering that phosphodiester bonds link DNA and that DNA has polarity
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4. Watson and Crick were given credit for what contribution to DNA?
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-antiparallel chains
-sugar phosphate backbone -bases are perpendicular to axis -hydrogen bonds between bases hold chains together -base pairing is specific...strands are complementary |
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5. What are the four levels of protein structure?
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a) linear sequence of AAs
b) hydrogen bonding between backbone components c)interactions amond side chains d)interactions between two or more polypeptide chains |
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5. only 1.2% of DNA codes for proteins...what else is in there?
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transposon fossils, repeated sequences and unique sequences
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5. Describe the conserved regions of DNA.
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DNA that has not been modified or mutated much. the same across species (exons and regulatory DNA)
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5. Describe non-conserved regions.
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DNA that has been freely mutated and not similar across species...likely not critical for function
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7. Define epigenetic inheritance
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when certain TYPES of chromatin structure are inherited
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7. Define heterochromatin
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a type of chromatin that is highly condensed, gene poor and transcriptionally inactive
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7. Define euchromatin
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a type of chromatin that is less condensed, gene rich and transcriptionally active
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7. Define the position effect.
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differences in gene expression are determined by the chromosomal location of the gene
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8. What creature are lampbrush chromosomes first found in?
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frog oocytes
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