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159 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Form :
what you observe
Function
the reasons why you are here. What are you doing activity for? Being.
Meaning:
what is the meaning to you?
In Burke’s article “a clinical perspective” ….What were the four perspectives for therapeutic intervention?
- Expectancies of success or failure,
- internal vs. external orientation,
- belief in skill,
-sense of efficacy.
. In well elderly study what was one of the 8 content areas that enabled elders to see themselves as occupational beings?
Cultural awareness
What is Component Based Practice?
Practice wherein treatment goals are reduced to components
What are beliefs of occupational justice?
Humans are occupational beings, humans participate as autonomous,
participation is contextual, participation determinant of quality of life.
According to Jackson which was necessary for elders to be… (I’m missing this part anyone want to fill it in??)
Engaging in symbolic and meaningful occupations
Adolf Meyer’s main concept was:
Work Rest Play Sleep
Bernard Suits asserts that in order for a game to also be considered a sport, it must include the following characteristics:
a) a goal, rules, and a lusory attitude
b) physical skill, a wide following, and stability
c) a prelusory goal, a lusory goal, and obstacles
d) a referee, coach, and team captain
b) physical skill, a wide following, and stability
8. In the article from Mclaughlin Gray, component driven practice states that:
A top down approach is best in therapy
Volition subsystem includes all of the following except:
Personal causation
Interests
Valued Goals
Habits
HABITS (answer)
10. Suits id’s and defines prelusory goal as a goal that:
Can be described as indep. of the game
11. Which of the following is not included in Jacksons et als. Philosophical Background of Well Elderly Program?
Meaning
Occupation as an emerging phenomenon
Dynamic Systems Theory
View of human as occupational being
Component driven practice
Component driven practice (answer)
a pre-lusory goal in soccer is
1. winning a game
2. scoring a point
3. making a goal
4. kicking a ball
4. kicking a ball
pre-lusory goals exist outside of the game itself.
running would be another prelusory goal for soccer.
According to occupational science academic intervention which statement is not true.
Main statement of Occupational Science is on impact of environment
According to McLaughlin-Gray which best describes occupation as means:
Refers to activities perceived as doing
The 3 Occupational Injustice outcomes
Deprivation,
alienation,
imbalance
All the following are components of usc model of human subsystems except
volitional
17. In her Eleanor Clark Slagle lecture, Clark (1993) describes problematiques as being:
a. An essential part of occupational storytelling
b. The disability roles that one takes on after an injury like Penny’s
c. Things in relation to which one feels threatened or endangered
d. Bad things that accompany disability and hinder
c. Things in relation to which one feels threatened or endangered
which of the following in social not occ justice.
Same opportunities and resources
18. In occ embedded in real life…occ science Moor states that rites of passage..3 phases. What are 3 phases?
Separation
transition
and
reincorporation
19. Personal causation, interest and valued goals are part of which subsystem of Kielhofner and Burke’s Model of Human Occupation?

a) Volition subsystem

b) Habituation subsystem

c) Performance subsystem

d) Production subsystem

e) Environmental subsystem

Volition subsystem
A major weakness of the MOHO model is that:
It does not represent physical disabilities.
20. Roles generally fall into 3 categories which are:
Sexual, occupational and Familial.
21. What is the central question that Mary Reilly asks about the value and service of occupational Therapy?
Is OT a sufficiently vital and unique service for medicine to support and society to reward?
The 6 propositions presented about interest that explain it as a phenomenon in the Interest Checklist (Matsutsuyu article) are:
Interests:
1.are influenced by family
2. evoke responses that are affective
3. involve choices
4. lead to indiv. Engaging in particular activities
5. temporal and sustain periods of action
6. reflect in an individual’s self-perception
moho subsystems
of the human system
- throughput -
volional
haituation
peofomance
moho
ontogenesis of the system
change over time
moho
feedback comes from
the environment
moho
output is assoicated with
action/information
moho
parts of volitional subsystem
personal causation
valued goals
interests
(enacts action in output)
moho
habituation subsystem
-internalized
-externalized
roles
and
habits (maintains output)
moho
porduciton sub system
skills
(produces action)
moho
environment
-objects
-people
-events
8 elements of well elderly study
1)into to power of occupation
2)aging , health & occupation
3) transportaion
4) safety
5) social relationships
6) cultural awareness
7) finances
the well elderly study embodies
application of occupational science theory and research
proving OS contributes to practice of O.S.
methods of program deliver
1) didactic presentation
2) peer exchange
3) direct experience
4) personal exploration
dynamic change in occupaitons
1) seleciton of occupations
-increased balance
-more flexibilty
-overt stragegizing
dynamic change in occuaption
#2
2) experiencing meaning
- flow
-improved life connections to life course
-enhanced meaning in daily routine
well elderly program
health related outcomes
1. + physical health
2. + mental health
3. + occpational functioning
4.+ life satisfaction
4 components of occ justice theory
1) beliefs and priciples
2)resoning
3) occ justice vs. social justice
4)ideas
underlying occpational determinants
type of economy
nationa/international policy
cultural values
sociallly determined occupational forms
opportunity / restrictions
- corp managemnt
-div of labor
-education
-employment
-legistation
-media
-transportation
etc et
possible outcomes of occupational injustice
deprivation, alientation imbalnce
diseaseindividual
diseas of family/ group/nation
occ theorury
-peopel are occuaptional
-individuals are different
-people are social
-soical values rules
-cultures/ communited
-enablement of needs of individ and community strenthgs and potential
oriley hypothesis
Hypothesis: Man through the use of his hands as they are energized by mind and will, can influence the state of his own health
oriley
- If we fail to serve society’s need for action,
o we will most assuredly die as a health profession
orieley
reality of our profession depends upon an
identification of the vital need of mankind that we serve
oriley
- The mind cannot continue to function efficiently without
constant stimuli from the external world
oriley
man has a vital need for:
occupation and that his central nervous system demands the rich and varied stimuli that solving life problems provides him and that this is the basic need that occupational therapy should be serving
oriley
-First duty of an organism
-Second duty of an organism
o is to be alive.
o is to grow and be productive.
Occupational therapy should derive its premise from the second law of life
is to grow and be productive.
oriley
the power to act creates
creates a need to use the power and
-the failure to use power results in
o dysfunction and unhappiness
orliley
-Man achieves satisfaction
o in using what he has,
in using the equipment that makes him human,
oriley
- the equipment that makes us human
entails not only the sensory and motor equipment
• but that central nervous system
• upon which the learning and thinking process depend
oriely 2
- Central conviction that occupational therapy is first
a milieu, or a culture, which must be built and functioning
oriley 2
ot must be built on a culture before...
- (1) before the various kinds of behavior we call rehabilitative can occur in patients,
- (2) before the relationship and learning potential
•of occupational therapy as a treatment can be realized.
npi model
(1) to examine the life roles relative to the community adaptation
(2) to identify the various skills which support them; and
(3) to create an environment where the relevant rehabilitative behavior could be
2nd spec npi
spells out the need for the program to
 reflect the developmental stages
• present in the acquisition of life skills
3rd spec
o be nature and
o legitimate decision making areas for patients
- 4th spec npi
speaks of building a milieu which
o acknowledges competency,
o arouses curiosity,
o feeds in universal knowledge,
o deepens appreciation and
o demands behavior
 across the full spectrum of a human’s abilities
- 5th spec: npi
requires that the institution acknowledges its
o obligation to permit patients normal living experiences
 performed at natural times;
 calls for
• (1) recommitment to Meyer’s principle the work-rest-play aspects of living must be balanced and
• (2) the development of knowledge about patterns of daily living which mediate the hospital transitional state
- 6th spec: speaks for
o a program structure for the rehabilitation milieu
 which presses for the exercising of life skills
 in a balanced pattern of daily living,
 takes into account individual interest and abilities,
 tailors daily events to
• age,
• sex and
• occupational role and
 is guided by the knowledge of the proper objectives • of each subdivision of the daily life space
3 Reilly 1969 The Educational Process
- Redirection emerged as a result ofL\
- the challenge to the medical sciences as the single perspective for practice,
- the exploration of the behavioral sciences as the potential area for a new knowledge merger,
- the creation of a forceful consistent frame of reference
o designed to guide the occupational therapy process and the professional educational process
4 Burke 1977
- Adaptation:
the complex process by which an individual maintains a useful relationship to the environment, requires that individuals be able to meet life’s never ending challenges
burke
- Drives
arouse the organism and promote activity that will eliminate the need state and therefore reduce the drive
burke
- Human behavior is a function of
ophysical causes as well as
opersonal causes
burke
- Personal causation:
o the initiation by the individual of behavior
o intended to produce a change in his environment
-- Pawn:
one who operates from
o an external locus of control and
o has the feeling of being moved
 by a force
• outside of oneself.
Origin:
internal locus of control,
o believe they can control their own destiny
burke
-Four Perspectives for clinical planning:
oExpectancies
of Success or
Failure
oInternal versus External Orientation
oBelief in skill
oSense of Self Efficacy
Engelhardt 1977
- Occupational therapists
ospecial role in the health care system
ois dependent on their management of the
meaning that patients experience through their activity is introduced
Engelhardt 1977 in OT
-The heterogeneity of roles is often clouded by
othe need for a sense of professional identity
Engelhardt 1977
-OTs shifting role between
o scientist and
o service to individual
Engelhardt 1977
-Occupational therapist are engaged
in explaining reality
as scientists, but also
oin conveying complex services of care and guidance
Engelhardt 1977
- Treatment can only take place in context of
meaning
Engelhardt 1977
- Work was an
engagement in reality
o a mode of laying claim to meaning
Engelhardt 1977
-Within OT individuals were learning that
o they could be active could engage in life.
o They were not simply having physical capacities sustained
Engelhardt 1977
presumes activities
that activities
endow time with meaning
Engelhardt 1977
must maintain
important
within a highly technologic health care system
•to see itself as not simply the bearer of technical skills
englehart
technical skills and attention to the meaning
avoid 2 misconceptions
Heard
-Chronic disease: the presence of any
oPhysical/mental or /social handicap
that disrupts or lessons
•man’s capacities for participation in and
•adaptation to his environment
Heard
- Role:
othe expected pattern of behavior
oassociated with occupancy of
a distinctive position in society
Heard
-Roles:
oare in three categories:
 sexual,
 familial, and
 occupational
Heard
-Three clinical points for the clinical application of role
oHabits and skills are components of role
2)role is an organizing component
heard
- The ease of occupational role acquisition is dependent upon
othe adaptive nature of the individual\
heard
-General Systems Theory:
a process consists of
information inputs
a transforming throughput, an
output and
feedback.
heard
- input
o internal and external
 expectations of the role
heard
- internal experiecnes
 values,
 interests,
 skills, and a
 sense of efficacy
herd
feel incompetent
less likely to
 assume new roles
-External Expectancies:
o implicitly and explicitly stated and
o serve to prescribe the role behavior
herd
- Throughput:
decision making
heard
- Output: the output is
o the actual behavior implemented or
o enacted from the selected alternatives
heard
- Feedback: feedback from
internal and external sources
 may validate the selected role enactment behavior
heard
-Occupational role acquisition
an aspect of daily living
-that has been overlooked
in occupational therapists --treatment of the chronically disabled
Kielhofner and Burke
- Volition subsystem:
 innate and acquired
• urges to act in certain ways
Kielhofner and Burke
-Habituation subsystem:
Components that arrange
•behavior
•into
•patterns of action
othat are output by the system
Kielhofner and Burke
--Performance subsystem:
Basic capacities for action,
•namely skills,
•governed by habituation and volition,
•function is to produce behavior that is
called upon by the higher levels systems
Kielhofner and Burke

-Volition Subsystem
o Personal causation
o Valued goals
o Interests
Kielhofner and Burke
-Habituation subsystem
oInternalized roles
oHabits:
organized routines of behavior
Kielhofner, Burke
-Production subsystem:
o Skills
Kielhofner, Burke
- Open System includes:
o Input
o Throughput:
 how information is organized within the system to effect output
o Output
o Feedback:
 completes the cycle of the open system,
 the means by which the system is informed of the results of its action
Kielhofner, Burke
- Ontogenesis:
o stages of change,
o transformations that take place in the organization of occupation during the life span
Kielhofner, Burke
- Exploration
o competency,
o achievement
intrest checklist
- Proposistions:
o1 Interests are family influenced
o2 Interests evoke affective response
o3 Interests are choice states
o4 Interests can be manifested in effective action
o5 Interests can sustain action
o6 Interests Reflect Self-perception
Interest Checklist mastsutsuyu
-Three Parts to the checklist
o80 interests to check
oSection to add interests not listed
- interview
Interest Checklist mastsutsuyu
-describe your
o interests,
o hobbies,
o pastimes,
ogiving a historical summary of how you spend your leisure time
Interest Checklist mastsutsuyu
-age range
from grammar school days to the present.
Interest Checklist mastsutsuyu
the kinds of things you
• you like to do
o best and
o least
Moorhead 1969
- The phenomenon of occupational history
o is so basic to human life and
--so broad in constituent components that
---it defies simple analysis.
Moorhead
-Critical Variables to Occupational Function
o Autonomy and Independence
o Implementation
o Maintenance
Carlson and Clark
main point
- the normal paradigms for studying occupational science
-produce suboptimal knowledge,
Carlson and Clark
innovative methodologies,
osuch as those presented by Csikszentmihalyt and Schon, are necessary for
• producing a high degree of
o genuineness of content and
o trustworthiness of results.
Carlson and Clark
paradigm 1
-positivism,
-emphasis is placed on the discovery of
oabstract,
o generalizable,
opreferably cause-effect laws
through objective observation
Carlson and Clark
Paradigm 2:
holistic,
-methodological point,
-based on the assumption that
oa central goal of social science inquiry
ois to understand the meanings
that persons negotiate in
sociohistorically concrete natural setting—
•hermeneutic element
Carlson and Clark
-Knowledge gained by these two paradigms (positivism/holism)
is often suboptimal in that it fails to
jointly satisfy the criteria of
•genuineness and
•trustworthiness
Carlson and Clark
Flow:
•the positive psychological state that results from engagement in
•activities that provide a degree of challenge
•commensurate with one’s self perceived level of skill
•and is accompanied bu such features as
o heightened concentration,
o a merging activity and awareness and
o a distorted sense of time
Carlson and Clark
Csikszentmihalyi:
creatively applied Paradigm 1
•to study in a genuine way a rich important human issue- namely
Carlson and Clark
Csikszentmihalyi:
•the study of daily occupations as they occur in natural settings
Carlson and Clark
Schon
used paradigm 2 and
•developed a careful rigorous methodology
•designed to demonstrate the trustworthiness of his obtained results
Clark, et al
•occupational science will benefit occupational therapy
therapy more evidence and knowledge will be available
Clark, et al
occupational science will benefit occupational therapy
more substantial to the world.
•justifies therapeutic practices
Clark, et al
scientific research will justify practices -
scientific research
behind the theories and
methods OT’s operate
Clark, et al
occupational science will
help occupation become
o more visible and
oenhance the professional identity of Occupational Therapy.
Clark, et al
USC Model of Human Subsystems
o Physical subsystem
o Biological subsystem
o Information processing subsystem
o Sociocultural subsystem
o Symbolic-evaluative subsystem
o Transcendental Subsystem
Primary focus of occupational science
• is not immediate application to therapeutic intervention
Clark, et al
Primary focus of occupational science
• transmittal of the most general principles and concepts of occupation
Clark, et al
Three priorities of Occupational Science
o The demand for faculty prepares as scholars at the doctoral level
oThe need for basic science research
oThe justification and potential enhancement of pracitce
Yerxa, et al.
introduces Occupational Science as
•highly relevant to society
Yerxa, et al.
need importance of occupation
for society as a whole
through
a list of questions that OT’s face and
Occupational Science has the potential to answer.
Yerxa, et al
•By identifying and articulating a scientific foundation for practice,
occupational science could provide practitioners
 with support for what they do,
 justify the significance of occupational therapy
•to healt and differentiate occupational therapy
Yerxa, et al
o
Rules:
• symbols which codify
o how the world works
o in space and time
 as well as social interaction
Yerxa, et al
Habits:
o automatic routinized
 sequences of behavior
 performed with
• little or
• no conscious thought
Yerxa, et al
Skill:
• the ability to construct
o an activity pattern by the
 appropriate sequencing of
• a set of constituent subroutines
o to match a model
Yerxa, et al
• A person’s affect
owhile engaged in occupation
 ---relates to two of his or her perceptions:
•(1) the degree of environmental challenge
•(2) the degree of skill which the individual has to meet the challenge
Zemke and Clark
Occupational Science as
o a basic science that can inform practice
Zemke and Clark
oit discusses how
OS was set up as an independent entity
o and not with the goal of supporting Occupational Therapy.
Zemke and Clark
how basic science
o actually does support Occupational Therapy.
The ability of OS to inform practices actually benefits OS
•as the findings of OS are played and
•can be evidenced in Occupational therapy.
Garrison, J. W.
habits:
what habits require and how habits do have meaning.
Garrison, J. W.
the need for
context to develop the meanings
Garrison
when habit is connected to meaning and conttext
, habits have an
artistic and spiritual component.
Garrison
oHumans aquire our habits from
our habitat, esp of our social habitat
Garrison
4 facts on habits
oHabits are functions
oHabits are acquired function
oHabits require the cooperation of the environment
Garrison
Meaning:
rules for
ousing and
ointerpreting things;
interpretation being always
• an imputation of potentiality for some consequence
Meaning allows people to
make means-consequence connections.
 They allow human beings to coordinate their action
•by fulfilling a specific end
oin such a way as to conserve themselves
Garrison
Meaning allows people to
o make means-consequence connections.
They allow human beings to coordinate their action
•by fulfilling a specific end
oin such a way as to conserve themselves
•Semiotics (a theory of signs and symbols)
o The sign, what the sign signifies, the interpretant of the sign
Garrison
Techne
what a person w/ an occ skill possess
Poiesees
the ability to create
Garrison
• Loss of techne
is usually contextual
Garrison
• Interest:
o any concrete case of the union of
 the self in action
• with an object and end
Kashdan, T. & Steger, M. F.
well-being and meaning in life:
curiosity
Kashdan, T. & Steger, M. F. \
curiotity effects
o Traits,
ostates, and
oeveryday behavior.
oMotivation and Emotion.
Kashdan, T. & Steger, M. F.
•illustrate how important
otrait and curiosity
• are to our development and \
• well being
Kashdan, T. & Steger, M. F.
the results of their study of 97 college students
•using their daily diaries and a
•questionnaire packet.
• Englehardt
o technical aspects to therapy
• Englehardt
technical aspects and
exploration of importance
are
different/distinct parts of therapy
• Englehardt
a therapist must
technical/client exploration
pays attention to these roles with care,
o client health care is best.