Modules 53-55: Social Psychology

Front 1

social psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, adn relate ot one another.

Front 2

attribution theory

Back 2

teh theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

Front 3

fundamental attribution error

Back 3

the tendency for observers, when analyszing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of teh situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Front 4

attitude

Back 4

a belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

Front 5

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Back 5

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Front 6

cognitive dissonance theory

Back 6

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. for example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.

Front 7

conformity

Back 7

adujusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a gorup standard.

Front 8

normative social influence

Back 8

influence resulting from a person'a desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Front 9

infromational social influence

Back 9

influence resulting from one's willingness to accept toehr's opinions about reality.

Front 10

social faciltiation

Back 10

improved performance of tasks in teh presence of others; occurs with simple or well learned tasks but not with task that are difficult or not yet mastered.

Front 11

social loafing

Back 11

the tendency for people in a gorup to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Front 12

deindividuation

Back 12

the loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations taht foster arousal and anonymtity

Front 13

group polarization

Back 13

the enhavncement of a grou's prevailing attituedes through discussion within the group

Front 14

groupthink

Back 14

the mode of thinking that occurs when teh desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Front 15

prejudice

Back 15

an unjustifiable (and usually negatiev) attitude twoard a gorup and its members. prejudice generally involves sterotypeed beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Front 16

sterotype

Back 16

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief aobut a group of people.

Front 17

ingrouop

Back 17

"us"-people with whom one shares a common identity.

Front 18

outgroup

Back 18

"them"-those perceived asd different or apart from one's group

Front 19

ingroupbias

Back 19

the tendency to favor one's own group

Front 20

scapegoat theory

Back 20

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blaim

Front 21

just-world phenomenon

Back 21

the tendency of people to believe the world is just and tha tpeople therefore get what they desreve and serve what they get.

Front 22

aggression

Back 22

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 23

frustration aggression principle

Back 23

the principle that frustration-teh blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression

Front 24

conflict

Back 24

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

Front 25

social trap

Back 25

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Front 26

mere exposure effect

Back 26

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Front 27

passionate love

Back 27

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Front 28

companionate love

Back 28

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Front 29

equity

Back 29

a condition in whihch people receive form a relationship in proportion to waht they give to it.

Front 30

prejudice

Back 30

an unjustifiable (and usually negatiev) attitude twoard a gorup and its members. prejudice generally involves sterotypeed beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Front 31

sterotype

Back 31

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief aobut a group of people.

Front 32

ingrouop

Back 32

"us"-people with whom one shares a common identity.

Front 33

outgroup

Back 33

"them"-those perceived asd different or apart from one's group

Front 34

ingroupbias

Back 34

the tendency to favor one's own group

Front 35

scapegoat theory

Back 35

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blaim

Front 36

just-world phenomenon

Back 36

the tendency of people to believe the world is just and tha tpeople therefore get what they desreve and serve what they get.

Front 37

aggression

Back 37

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 38

frustration aggression principle

Back 38

the principle that frustration-teh blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression

Front 39

conflict

Back 39

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

Front 40

social trap

Back 40

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Front 41

mere exposure effect

Back 41

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Front 42

passionate love

Back 42

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Front 43

companionate love

Back 43

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

Front 44

equity

Back 44

a condition in whihch people receive form a relationship in proportion to waht they give to it.

Front 45

altruism

Back 45

unselfish regard for teh welfare of others

Front 46

bystander effect

Back 46

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely togive aid if other bystanders are present.

Front 47

social exchange theory

Back 47

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, teh aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Front 48

superordinate goals

Back 48

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Front 49

GRIT

Back 49

graduated and recrprocated initiatives in tension reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Front 50

social norms

Back 50

understood rules for accepted and expected behavior are called social norms