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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychological Disorder |
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation or behavior |
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The medical model of understanding psychological disorders |
In the 1800s there was a search for physical causes of mental disorders and for curative treatments. Mental illness was diagnosed on basis of symptoms and treated through therapy, including treatment. Credibility gained from recent research in genetically influenced brain abnormalities in brain structure and biochemistry. |
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What is the medical model? |
The concept that diseases (disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and cured often through treatment at a hospital |
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The biopsychosocial approach of understanding psychological disorders |
There was a general approach that biological, psychological and social-cultural factors play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness. Epigenetics also informs our understanding of disorders. |
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The biology aspect is influenced by... |
Evolution, individual genes and brain structure and chemistry |
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The psychological aspect is influenced by... |
Stress, trauma, learned helplessness and mood-related perceptions and memories |
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The social-cultural aspect is influenced by... |
Roles, expectations and definitions of normality and disorder |
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How does the diagnostic classification in psychiatry and psychology work? |
It predicts the disorder's future course, then suggests the appropriate treatment and finally prompts research into its causes |
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DSM-5 |
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; A widely used system for classifying/describing disorders and estimating their occurence |
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What are some changes to the DSM-5? |
Some label changes, new or altered diagnoses and new categories of disorders |
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What are the benefits of the DSM-5? |
The system helps mental health professionals communicate and is useful in research |
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Are people with mental disorders dangerous? |
Mental disorders seldom lead to violence and clinical predictions of violence is unreliable. Most people with disorders are nonviolent and are more likely to be victims than attackers |
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What are the rates of psychological disorders? |
Psychological disorder rates vary, depending on the time and place of the survey. |
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What is the biggest risk factor for psychological disorders? |
Poverty. Conditions and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the development of psychological disorders. But some disorders, such as schizophrenia, can drive people into poverty. |
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Anxiety Disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
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Panic Disorder |
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, sudden episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror, chest pain, choking or other sensations and often lives in fear of when the next attack might strike |
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Phobia |
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions) or both. Occurs when obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors interfere with everyday life and cause distress. Is more common with teens and young adults |
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. Often involves veterans and survivors of accidents, disasters and violent/sexual assaults. Women are at a higher risk |
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Classical conditioning and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Research helps explain how panic-prone people associate anxiety with certain cues. |
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Stimulus Generalization and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Research demonstrates how a fearful event can later become a fear of similar events |
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Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning) and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
This can help maintain a developed and generalized phobia |
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Cognition and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Observing others can contribute to development of some fears. Interpretations and expectations shape reactions (Hypervigiliance) |
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Genes and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Genetic predisposition to OCD, PTSD & anxiety exists |
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The brain and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Trauma linked to new fear pathways, hyperactive danger detection, impulse control and habitual behavior areas of brain |
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Natural Selection and OCD, PTSD & Anxiety |
Biological preparedness to fear threats-easily conditioned and difficult to extinguish |
