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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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X-ray examinations are performed on orders issued by:
a. limited x-ray machine operator b. physicians c. radiologic technologists d. nurses |
B. Physicians
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2. The absorbtion of x-rays by matter is called:
A. Scatter B. Attenuation C. Fog D. Remnant Radiation |
B. Attenuation
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3. At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur?
A. High B. Low C. Above the diagnostic kVp range D. Throughout the diagnostic kVp range |
D. Throughout the diagnostic kVp range
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4. If the size of the x-ray field increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog?
A. Scatter radiation fog increases, also B. Scatter radiation fog decreases C. Scatter radiation fog is not affected by field size. D. The effect of field size on scatter radiation fog is dependent upon focal spot size. |
A. Scatter radiation fog increases, also
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5. The unit used to indicate the total quantity of x-rays in an exposure is:
A. mAs B. SID C. kVp D. Volts |
A. mAs
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6. A health care worker's single best protection against disease is:
A. Frequent hand hygiene B. Vaccination C. Barrier techniques D. Protective masks |
A. Frequent hand hygiene
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7. When an electron is removed from an atom, the atom is said to be:
A. Radioactive B. A nuclide C. Unstable D. Ionized |
D. Ionized
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8. The filament of an X-ray tube is made of:
A. Glass B. A coil of stainless steel wire C. A coil of tungsten wire D. A fluorescent tube |
C. A coil of tungsten wire
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9. The conventional radiation unit for measuring patient dose is the:
A. Roentgen B. Rem C. Rad D. Sievert |
C. Rad
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10. The Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that the following type of cell is most radiosensitive:
A. Brain Cells B. Embryonic tissue C. Cells of the gastric mucosa D. Leukocytes |
D. Leukocytes
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11. What are the components of film emulsion?
A. Gelatin and rare earth phosphors B. Gelatin and silver halide crystals C. Polyester and gelatin D. Polyester and rare earth phosphors |
B. Gelatin and silver halide crystals
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12. Which of the following functions involve(s) the autotransformer?
A. kVP selection B. mA selection C. Exposure time selection D. Automatic exposure control |
A. kVP selection
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13. What is the conventional radiation unit used to express radiation intensity in air?
A.Coulomb/kilogram B. Watt C. Ohm D. Roentgen |
D. Roentgen
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14. Which portion of the cell contains the chromosomes?
A. Plasma membrane B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus D. Organelles |
C. Nucleus
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15. How many rad are equivalent to one (1) Gy?
A. 10 B. 100 C. 1 D. 0.1 |
B. 100
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16. Which of the following are types of intentional misconduct?
1. Assault 2. Battery 3. Invasion of privacy A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
D. 1, 2, and 3
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17. Which of the following terms refer to the useful x-ray beam?
A. Secondary radiation B. Scatter radiation C. Leakage radiation D. Primary radiation |
D. Primary radiation
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18. What is the maximum permissible dose for a pregnant x-ray technician?
A. 0.05 rem monthly B. 0.5 rem annually C. 1.5 rem quarterly D. 5.0 rem annually |
A. 0.05 rem monthly
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19. Which of the following does NOT influence the amount of scatter radiation emitted by the patient?
A. Thickness of the body part B. OID C. kVp D. Size of the x-ray field |
B. OID
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20. The four prime factors of x-ray exposure are:
A. Processing, Screen Speed, Contrast, Distortion, Density B. Detail, Density, Contrast, Distortion C. Time, Milliamperage, Density, Kilovoltage D. Milliamperage, Time, Kilovoltage, Distance |
D. Milliamperage, Time, Kilovoltage, Distance
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21. Which of the following are the main parts of a cell?
1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
D. 1, 2, and 3
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22. As kVp increases, which of the following statements is true?
A. The number of photoelectric interactions decrease B. Patient dose decreases C. Coherent scatter interactions increase D. Patient dose increases |
B. Patient dose decreases
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23. Which of the following result from an indirect hit?
A. Free radicals B. Enzymes C. DNA breakage D. Filter |
A. Free radicals
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24. A device for removing long wavelength radiation from the primary x-ray beam is a:
A. Collimator B. Rheostat C. Rectifier D. Filter |
D. Filter
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25. Which of the following statements regarding technique charts is true?
A. Technique charts are the same for every imaging department. B. Technique charts remain the same regardless of IR, grid, SID, and other factors. C. Technique charts are used by inexperienced operators, so having one is optional D. Technique charts are unique to each x-ray machine and facility. |
D. Technique charts are unique to each x-ray machine and facility.
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26. The omission of reasonable care or caution defines:
A. Libel B. Slander C. Defamation of character D. Negligence |
D. Negligence
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27. Which of the following is the *main* influence on the intensity of x-radiation?
A. Size of the film B. Size of the focal spot C. OID D. SID |
D. SID
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28. Technique charts are based upon:
A. Patient weight and body habitus B. Processor temperature and replenishment rates C. Thickness of the body part to be radiographed D. Nature of the suspected pathologic condition |
C. Thickness of the body part to be radiographed
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29. If the kVp is increased and the mAs is decreased, skin exposure will be:
A. Multiplied by a factor of 1/4th B. Increased C. Decreased D. Unchanged |
C. Decreased
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30. The type of interaction of radiation with matter that forms characteristic radiation is called:
A. Coherent scatter B. Compton effect C. Photoelectric effect D. Photodisintegration |
C. Photoelectric effect
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31. X-rays that are traveling in a useful direction exit via the:
A. Tube housing B. Tube port C. Patient D. Image receptor system |
B. Tube port
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32. The principal factor controlling quality of x-rays is:
A. Milliampere-seconds B. Kilovoltage C. Focal Spot Size D. Part Film Distance |
B. Kilovoltage
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33. In radiography, patient dose is usually calculated:
A. At the target organ B. By using the film badge worn on the collar. C. In the mitochondrial DNA D. At the skin |
D. At the skin
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34. Which of the following is true regarding pediatric anatomy?
A. It is the same as an adult's. B. The pediatric skeleton is denser than an adult's. C. "Baby fat" is more difficult to penetrate than an older child's muscle tissue. D. The pediatric skeleton is easier to penetrate than the adult skeleton. |
D. The pediatric skeleton is easier to penetrate than the adult skeleton.
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35. What two specialized instruments are required for monitoring processor performance?
A. Densitometer and sensitometer B. Densitometer and step wedge C. Sensitometer and speed step D. Speed step and thermometer |
A. Densitometer and sensitometer
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36. Select the best definition of mAs:
A. The amount of current passing through the x-ray tube for a given period of time. B. The lower the mAs, the higher the degree of density C. The anatomical and pathological characteristics of the patient D. If you double the mAs, density is doubled |
A. The amount of current passing through the x-ray tube for a given period of time.
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37. Calculate the exposure time required to produce 50 mAs when using the 200 mA station.
A. 0.25 second B. 4 seconds C. 2.5 seconds D. 0.4 second |
A. 0.25 second
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38. The principle underlying the creation of a space charge in the x-ray tube is:
A. Electromagnetic induction B. Variable resistance C. Quantum theory D. Thermionic emission |
D. Thermionic emission
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39. Intensifying screens reduce the amount of radiation needed for an exposure by:
A. Converting x-ray photons to light photons B. Converting light to x-rays C. Reducing the percentage of high energy photons D. Reducing the percentage of low energy photons |
A. Converting x-ray photons to light photons
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40. The unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the U.S. is:
A. mR B. Rad C. Rem D. mGy |
C. Rem
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41. The overall darkness, or blackness, within a radiographic image is referred to as:
A. Density B. Contrast C. Recorded detail D. mAs |
A. Density
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42. What is a direct hit?
A. Breakage of a DNA molecule as a result of an interaction with an x-ray photon B. Breakdown of a water molecule from interaction with an x-ray photon C. Interruption of cell mitosis caused by an interaction with an x-ray photon D. Accurate x-ray centering combined with appropriate exposure factors |
A. Breakage of a DNA molecule as a result of an interaction with an x-ray photon
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43. What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection?
A. ALARMA - as long as radiographs are made accessible B. ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable C. ALAIS - as long as ionizations are small D. ALAP - as low as possible |
B. ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable
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44. What of the following particles are located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom?
A. Protons B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Positron |
B. Electrons
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45. Difficult breathing is called:
A. Tachypnea B. Cyanosis C. Dyspnea D. Apnea |
C. Dyspnea
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46. The difference in density between adjacent portions of the image is called:
A. Tissue density B. Sharpness of detail C. Radiographic recorded detail D. Radiographic contrast |
D. Radiographic contrast
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47. Scatter radiation affects radiographic appearance by causing:
A. Increased distortion B. Increased recorded detail C. Decreased contrast D. Decreased density |
C. Decreased contrast
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48. The efficiency of a grid is base upon the:
1. Grid ratio 2. Grid frequency 3. Grid alignment 4. Grid radius A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 |
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
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49. The EDE limit for whole-body dose of occupational radiation exposure for nonpregnant workers over the age of 18 who are involved in radiation use is:
A. 1.25 rem per year B. 5.0 mrem per year C. 0.5 rem per year D. 5.0 rem per year |
D. 5.0 rem per year
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50. Using low kilovoltage (kV) will result in which of the following?
A. Short scale contrast B. Long scale contrast C. High scale contrast D. Medium scale contrast |
A. Short scale contrast
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51. What is the proper method to store unopened boxes of x-ray film?
A. Stacked flat with edges of boxes aligned. B. Stacked flat with edges of boxes staggered C. Standing on edge D. X-ray film cannot be safely stored |
C. Standing on edge
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52. Marks or exposures on a radiograph that are not part of the intended image are called:
A. Fog B. Ghosts C. Phantoms D. Artifacts |
D. Artifacts
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53. The principle source of scatter radiation in the x-ray room is the:
A. X-ray tube B. Collimator C. Patient D. Control Booth |
C. Patient
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54. A device that is placed between the patient and the IR to absorb scatter radiation is called a:
A. Grid B. Filter C. Gonad Shield D. Cassette |
A. Grid
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55. Which of the following occur with high radiation doses?
1. Stochastic effects 2. Short-term somatic effects 3. Nonstochastic effects A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
C. 2 and 3 only
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56. Which of the following would be practicing beyond the scope of a limited operator?
A. Performing basic x-ray examinations B. Performing office duties C. Performing mammograms in a private physician's office D. Assisting the physician in patient care |
C. Performing mammograms in a private physician's office
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57. The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of:
A. Characteristics radiation B. Bremsstrahlung radiation C. Electrons D. Heat |
B. Bremsstrahlung radiation
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58. Which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality?
A. A technician discusses a patient's pathology with another radiographer to get assistance in setting technical factors. B. A technicial talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure C. A radiographer asks if a patient is pregnant before taking a radiograph D. A transporter tells the technician that the patient complained of dizziness while riding in the wheelchair to the x-ray department |
B. A technicial talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure
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59. The study of abnormal conditions of the body is termed:
A. Anatomy B. Pathology C. Physiology D. Psychology |
B. Pathology
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60. What are the two basic divisions of the skeletal system?
A. Functional and nonfunctional B. Axial and appendicular C. Moveable and immoveable D. Bones and soft tissue |
B. Axial and appendicular
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61. What signed document is required for experimental or substantially risky procedures?
A. Confidentiality statement B. Standard of ethics C. Informed consent D. Living will |
C. Informed consent
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62. Which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation?
A. It is carcinogenic after a certain number of examinations have been performed B. Spontaneous absortion will occur if the patient is pregnant C. A drop in the white blood cell count is folled by acute gastrointestinal distress D. There is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts |
D. There is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts
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63. What influences the absorption of radiation in body tissues?
1. Thickness of the body tissue 2. Density of the body tissue 3. Atomic number of the body tissue 4. Average photon energy of the useful beam A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 1, 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 |
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
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64. Which of the following would cause blurring of a radiographic image?
A. Patient motion B. Using a grid with a low grid ratio C. High kVp D. Low mAs |
A. Patient motion
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65. A reduction in the radiation field size will cause the contrast to become:
A. Lower, because kVp will decrease B. Lower, because primary beam intensity decreases C. Higher, because the amount of scatter radiation decreases D. The same, providing all other technical factors remain the same |
C. Higher, because the amount of scatter radiation decreases
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66. You are a 24 year old x-ray technician who has been working for 5 years. What would your lifetime accumulated dosage be limited to?
A. 25 rem B. 24 rem C. 5 rem D. 0.5 rem |
B. 24 rem
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67. The interaction of x-ray photons with matter is termed:
A. Scatter radiation B. Absorption C. Attenuation D. Compton's interaction |
C. Attenuation
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68. Primary beam filtration decreases the amount of radiation absorbed by:
A. Bone marrow B. Skin C. Gonads D. Thyroid tissue |
B. Skin
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69. Reduction of the useful x-ray field is accomplished through use of:
A. Aperture diaphragms B. Cones C. Variable rectangular collimators D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
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70. A personnel monitoring device is primarily used to:
A. Keep occupational exposure to a minimum B. Warn the technician when he or she is exposed to radiation C. Maintain the ALARA principle of lowest possible exposure D. Ensure that MPD is not exceeded by the technician |
D. Ensure that MPD is not exceeded by the technician
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71. Use of a grid or Bucky becomes an issue when the body part size exceeds:
A. 10-12 inches B. 4-5 inches C. 4-5 centimeters D. 15-20 centimeters |
B. 4-5 inches
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72. A technique of a 4 mAs is needed. The 200 mA station is selected; what is the required exposure time?
A. 2msec B. 4msec C. 20msec D. 40msec |
C. 20msec
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73. An acceptable radiograph is obtained using a large focal spot. If the same technique is used with a small focal spot, what would the result be?
A. Patient dose would be lowered B. The image would be lighter C. The image would be sharper D. The image would have better contrast |
C. The image would be sharper
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74. This type of scatter radiation formation is not seen in diagnostic radiography:
A. Coherent B. Pair production C. Incoherent D. Classic |
B. Pair production
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75. The Cardinal Principles of radiation protection require the technician to minimize the following:
A. Distance B. kVp C. mAs D. Time |
D. Time
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76. This factor is directly proportional to the dose received by the patient:
A. SID B. kVp C. mAs D. Field size |
C. mAs
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77. Gonadal shielding SHALL be used:
A. When the gonads are in the primary beam B. When the gonads are within 5cm of the edge of the x-ray field C. At all times regardless of the area of clinical interest D. Unless the shielding interferes with visualizing the area of aclinical interest |
D. Unless the shielding interferes with visualizing the area of aclinical interest
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78. The Line Focus Principle states that the:
A. Actual focal spot is smaller than the effective focal spot B. X-ray photons will diverge from the anode of the tube C. Size of the penumbra depends on the size of the anode D. Effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot |
D. Effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot
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79. The relationship between the size of the radiation field and the size of the collimator field must be:
A. The same size B. Within 2 percent of the SID C. Within 2 percent of the OID D. Within 2 inches of each other |
B. Within 2 percent of the SID
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80. The Anode-Heel Effect can be used when doing the following exam(s):
A. T-spine B. Tib-Fib C. Femur D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
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81. What term is applied to joints that are freely moveable?
A. Synarthrosis B. Amphiarthrosis C. Diarthrosis D. Biarthrosis |
C. Diarthrosis
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82. As the skeleton ages, the bones tend to lose their calcium content, becoming porous and more radiolucent. This condition is known as:
A. Osteoarthritis B. Osteomyelitis C. Osteoporosis D. Osteopetrosis |
C. Osteoporosis
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83. Radiographing the wrong patient, or the wrong body part, could legally be considered:
A. Assault B. Battery C. Negligence D. False imprisonment |
B. Battery
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84. What term is used when a patient "faints"?
A. Vertigo B. Apnea C. Bradycardia D. Syncope |
D. Syncope
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85. A personnel monitoring device capable of measuring as low as 5mrem is known as a(n):
A. Film badge B. Thermoluminescent dosimeter C. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter D. Pocket dosimeter |
B. Thermoluminescent dosimeter
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86. Total filtration of an x-ray tube capable of operating at 70kVp and above must be at least:
A. 0.5mm lead B. 2.5mm lead C. 0.5mm aluminum D. 2.5mm aluminum |
D. 2.5mm aluminum
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87. Any difference between a radiographic image and the actual part being imaged is considered to be:
A. Magnification B. Distortion C. Elongation D. Foreshortening |
B. Distortion
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88. This dose-responsive curve is used to represent possible genetic effects of x-radiation:
A. Linear, threshold B. Linear, non-threshold C. Non-linear, threshold D. Non-linear, non-threshold |
B. Linear, non-threshold
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89. One Hundred (100) mSv is equal to:
A. 100mrem B. 1 rem C. 10 rem D. 100 rem |
C. 10 rem
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90. Personnel protective devices are required to be a minimum thickness of:
A. 0.25mm lead equivalent B. 1.25mm lead equivalent C. 0.5mm lead equivalent D. 2.5mm lead equivalent |
A. 0.25mm lead equivalent
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91. OSHA requires that protective goggles, masks, and gloves be worn whenever technicians:
A. Process film manually B. Start up or shut down an automatic processor C. Mix or pour processing chemicals D. Enter the darkroom for any reason |
C. Mix or pour processing chemicals
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92. When communicating with elderly patients, technicians should use the following procedures:
1. Should shout into the patient's ear 2. Speak slowly and clearly 3. Receive validation from the patient A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 |
B. 2 and 3 only
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93. Radiation in an x-ray room coming from anywhere other than the tube port is known as:
A. Leakage radiation B. Stray radiation C. Remnant radiation D. Scatter radiation |
D. Scatter radiation
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94. All of the following could be considered somatic effects of radiation except:
A. Chromosomal damage B. Radiolysis C. Cataractogenesis D. Mutations in offspring |
D. Mutations in offspring
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95. The blurring along the margins of a radiographic image, caused by penumbra, effects radiographic:
A. Detail B. Distortion C. Density D. Contrast |
A. Detail
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96. A latent image is one that:
A. Has been chemically processsed B. Remains on the intensifying screen C. Appears as a clear film after being processed D. Cannot be seen until the film is processed |
D. Cannot be seen until the film is processed
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97. The conventional unit of measurement for radiation intensity in air is the:
A. Coulomb B. Roentgen C. Becquerel D. Curie |
B. Roentgen
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98. The most common type of x-ray beam restriction device in use today is the:
A. Aperture diaphragm B. Positive beam limitator C. Variable rectangular collimator D. Cylinder con |
C. Variable rectangular collimator
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99. An AEC that measures electrical current emitted by ionized atoms of dry air is the:
A. Phototimer B. Scintillation chamber C. Photomultiplier D. Ionization chamber |
D. Ionization chamber
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100. In an x-ray machine control panel, current flowing through a rheostat is used to control the:
A. Line voltage fluctuation B. Kilovoltage C. Milliamperage D. Time (in seconds) |
C. Milliamperage
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