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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is habituation?
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increase of stimulus decreases response
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What is sensitization?
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increase of stimulus increases response
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What was the Bobo doll experiment?
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A little girl learns to bash a "Bobo doll" because she sees an woman play with it in a similar way
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In modeling, what is vital for the observer response?
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The observer must perceive likeness to the model
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In Pavlov's experiment, what was UCS, UCR, CS, and CR?
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UCS = meat powder
UCR = salivation CS = bell CR = salivation (the unconditioned stimulus will become the conditioned stimulus) |
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What normally occurs before extinction?
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extinction burst, where the behavior increases before it subsides (a child will act out more when it is ignored before it just stops acting out)
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Who was Little Albert and what happened?
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When he was shown a man in a white rat mask, a loud noise occured so he cried at the white rat mask without the noise. He later went to cry when presented with anything that reminded him of the whtie rat like bunnies, fluffy white things...(stimulus generalization)
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What happened with mice that were given sweetened water alongside an injection that weakened their immune system?
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Later, when they drank sweet water, immune suppression occured
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What did Thorndike's cat learn to do? What learning method was used?
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escape from a motherfucking box using operant conditioning with positive reinforcement (food!)
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What is the difference between behaviors shaped by classical and operant conditioning?
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In classical conditioning, behaviors learned are involuntary; operant conditioning behaviors are voluntary
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What stimuli are involved with Classical conditioning vs operant conditioning?
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in Classical, contingency is established between 2 stimuli; in operant, contingency is established between a stimulus situation, response, and a reinforcer
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What are primary reinforcers?
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biologically, unlearned needs:
water, food, warmth, shelter, sex |
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What are secondary reinforcers?
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Learned reinforcements such as money, praise, attention.
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What schedule of reinforcement is used in abusive relationships? What is this reinforcement type resistant against?
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Variable ratio; "sometimes he can be really sweet" -- resistant to extinction.
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What kind of reinforcement is fishing?
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variable interval; you never know when you're going to catch a fish! also resistant to extinction.
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Which kind of learning is a token economy based upon?
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Operant Learning; tokens for good behavior, exchange them for priviledges, token fines for bad behavior.
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What are the limitations of token economy?
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Poor generalization, satiation can occur, CONTINGENCIES NEED TO BE CLEARLY ELUCIDATED, and the monitoring of behavior is quite time consuming.
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What is biofeedback?
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treatment technique in which people are trained to omprove their health by using signals from their own bodies
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What is used commonly to treat migraines, Raynaud's, Tension Headaches, and Bruxisms?
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Biofeedbck
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What is the underlying premise of systematic desensitization?
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Construction of a hierarchy of stimuli and desensitize to each one.
i.e.- fear of flying; first realize you have to make a flight, then make a reservation, then pack luggage... stepwise desensitization. |
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What is the opposite of systematic desensitization?
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Flooding (its bad) and pretty much sink or swim.
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Guess the learning model:
You speak up in more in class after your prof praises an answer you give. |
Operant (positive reinforcement) - the behavior is voluntary and reward follows behavior
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Guess the learning model:
Having an AA sponsor |
Modeling (well, if you're an alcoholic, you'd relate to this model)
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Guess the learning model:
you get nervous and BP rises while in the doc's office. |
Classical - involuntary response.
UCS - bad news from doc UCR - BP CS - doc's office CR - BP |
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What are the ABCs of behavior?
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Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
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What is the difference between shaping and chaining?
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Shaping is reinforcement of succesive APPROXIMATIONS to the desired behavior where only the final behavior is important; Chaining is stepwise where sequence matters such as a dance
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What is one problem with punishment?
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Retaliation
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What is the best type of reinforcement? worst?
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Positive > negative > punishment
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What are the five stages of change?
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1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation 3) Preparation 4) Action 5) Maintainance |
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What is the difference between action and maintainance?
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Action is change in behavior for less than 6 mo; Maintainance is 6 mo or longer.
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According to the transcortical model, what stage of change is the following idea:
I am not thinking of quitting smoking |
precontemplation
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According to the transcortical model, what stage of change is the following idea:
I'm thinking of cutting down smoking |
contemplation
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According to the transcortical model, what stage of change is the following idea:
I am intenting to quite smoking in the next moth and gotten a prescription for Zyban |
Preparation
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According to the transcortical model, what stage of change is the following idea:
I have quit for 2 weeks and its beenr eally hard |
Action
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According to the transcortical model, what stage of change is the following idea:
I've been abstinent from cigarettes for 6 months and I'd like to keep it that way. |
Maintainance
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In the cognitive behavioral model, what things are interrelated?
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thoughts, physical symptoms, emotions, and behaviors
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What does the cognitive behavioral model emphasize?
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control over one's own thoughts to influence and maintain behaviors
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According to the transcortical model, if you plan to lose 10 pounds and have bought a membership to Bally's, you are in what stage?
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Preparation
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An individual who is in contemplation stage of change with respect to initiating an exercise regimen would benefit most from what?
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Persuasive messages to convince him or her of the benefits of exercise
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Which of the CBT tools in generally introduced at the beginning of any treatment program aimed at behavior modification?
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Self monitoring --> the order is:
1) collaborative empiricism, self modeling, stimulus control and exposure, modeling, skills training, reinforcement, and congnitive restructuring. |
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What is contingency contracting?
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Involvment of a 3rd party to administer reinforcement
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