Module 9 + 10

Front 1

adamant-
adamantin-
amel-

Back 1

enamel

Front 2

alve-
alveol-

Back 2

tooth socket; socket; cavity

(LATIN)

"alveolus" = a game board (with small hollows) played with marbles

Front 3

append-
appendic-

Back 3

appendix

Front 4

cholang-

Back 4

bile duct

Front 5

cholecyst-

Back 5

bile bladder; gall bladder

Front 6

choledoch-

Back 6

common bile duct

Front 7

col-
colon-

Back 7

colon; large intestine

Front 8

duoden-

Back 8

duodenum; first part of the small intestine

Front 9

enter-

Back 9

intestines [digestive tract; alimentary canal]

Front 10

epipl-
oment-

Back 10

omentum; fatty membrane lining the abdominal cavity

Front 11

esophag-
oesophag-

Back 11

esophagus

eso... (N. American Spelling)
oeso... (British Spelling)

oeso- + phag- = "carrying" + "eating"

(GREEK)

"carrying what has been eaten"

Front 12

gastr-
stomach-

Back 12

stomach

Front 13

gingiv-

Back 13

gums

Front 14

gloss-
lingu-

Back 14

tongue; language

Front 15

hepat-

Back 15

liver

Front 16

hepatic-

Back 16

hepatic duct

Front 17

ile-

Back 17

ileum (referring to digestive organ)

Front 18

jejun-

Back 18

jejunum

Front 19

mandibul-

Back 19

mandible; lower jaw

Front 20

maxill-

Back 20

maxilla; upper jaw

Front 21

odont-
dent-

Back 21

tooth; teeth

Front 22

pancreat-

Back 22

pancreas

(GREEK)

"all-fleshy"

Front 23

pancreatic-

Back 23

pancreatic duct

Front 24

peritone-

Back 24

peritoneum; serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity

Front 25

proct-
rect-

Back 25

rectum; anus; rectum and anus

Front 26

ptyal-
sial-

Back 26

saliva

Front 27

pylor-

Back 27

pylorus; lower portion of stomach

Front 28

sphincter-

Back 28

sphincter; circular muscle [which closes an orifice]

(GREEK)

derived from "Sphinx", half-lion half-woman creature

Oedipus and the Sphinx (Greek Myth)
Oedipus, royal prince, kills father marries mother and answers Sphinx's riddle to free Thebes from curse

Front 29

splanchn-
viscer-

Back 29

viscera; the internal organs [collectively]

(GREEK)

Front 30

staphyl-
uvul-

Back 30

uvula

Front 31

stom-
stomat-
or-

Back 31

mouth

stom(at)- (GREEK), or- (LATIN)

*stom-, stomat- = have diff. contexts of mouth
(ie. stoma/stomata pl. = surgically created mouth in intestine to release wastes)

Front 32

typhl-
caec-
cec-

Back 32

cecum, first part of large intestine

Front 33

ul-

Back 33

gums; scar

Front 34

uran-
uranisc-
palat-

Back 34

palate

*uran(isc)- = (GREEK/LATIN)
derived from Uranus/Ouranos
Ouranos = Greek Sky god "the arch of the heavens"

Uranus = Castration of Uranus Myth, Father of Cronus, Cronus castrates him and throws his genitals into the ocean, giving birth to Venus, goddess of Love from a shell

Front 35

acr-

Back 35

extremities [of the body/limbs]; height; tip(s)

used generally in all contexts

Front 36

anomal-

Back 36

irregular

Front 37

ather-

Back 37

yellowish plaque

Front 38

bromat-
sit-

Back 38

food

Front 39

febr-

Back 39

fever

*c.v. = i

Front 40

heter-

Back 40

different; other

Front 41

hom-*
home-
homoi-

Back 41

same; unchanging

*alternate definition for "hom-" in Mod. 4

Front 42

phag-

Back 42

the act of eating; biting; swallowing; chewing; devouring

*context is very important

Front 43

troph-
nutri-
nutrit-

Back 43

nutrition; nourishment

*troph- = also means "growth"

Front 44

anter-

Back 44

before; front; in front

Front 45

dextr-

Back 45

right (direction)

(LATIN)

Front 46

dist-

Back 46

distal; farthest [from the centre or point of reference]

Front 47

dors-

Back 47

back [opposed to the front]

Front 48

extern-

Back 48

outside

Front 49

infer-

Back 49

below

Front 50

intern-

Back 50

inside

Front 51

lev-, sinstr-

Back 51

left; counter-clockwise [only lev-]

*sinstr- (LATIN) = Roman idea that left hand was bad

Front 52

poster-

Back 52

behind

Front 53

proxim-

Back 53

proximal; nearest [from the centre or point of reference]

Front 54

retr-

Back 54

behind; backward

Front 55

super-*

Back 55

above

*not a prefix when followed by a c.v.

Front 56

tel-
tele-

Back 56

end [noun]; distant; at a distance

Front 57

ventr-*

Back 57

front

*alternate definition in Mod. 2

Front 58

-pepsia

Back 58

digestion

Front 59

-clasis
-clasia

Back 59

act of breaking (something) up

Front 60

-clysis

Back 60

irrigation

Front 61

-plasia

Back 61

proliferation; growth; development [in reference to cells/tissue]

*growth in numbers

Front 62

-phage

Back 62

one that eats [one = any life form]

Front 63

-phagia
-phagy

Back 63

the act of eating; chewing; swallowing; biting; devouring

Front 64

-schisis

Back 64

the act of splitting

Front 65

-tripsy
-tripsis

Back 65

the act of crushing (or, of rubbing); friction

Front 66

-trophy

Back 66

nutrition; growth

*growth in size

Front 67

foramin-

Back 67

foramen [pl. foramina]; hole (or, opening) [natural, not made]

Front 68

lamin-

Back 68

lamina [pl. lamina]; thin, flat layer (or, membrane)

Front 69

oste-
oss-
osse-

Back 69

bone

Front 70

crani-

Back 70

cranium; skull

Front 71

ethmoid-

Back 71

ethmoid bone

Front 72

front-

Back 72

frontal bone; forehead bone

Front 73

mast-*
mastoid-

Back 73

mastoid process [a proces is a projection or outgrowth of bone]

*alternate definition "mast-" in Mod. 7

Front 74

occipit-

Back 74

occiput; occipital bone

Front 75

pariet-

Back 75

parietal bone; any "wall" (in a cavity or organ)

Front 76

sphen-

Back 76

sphenoid bone; a wedge-shaped bone

Front 77

tempor-

Back 77

temporal bone; temple bone

Front 78

mal-
zygomat-
zygomatic-

Back 78

cheek; cheek bone; malar bone; zygomatic bone

Front 79

coccyg-

Back 79

coccyx; tail bone

Front 80

rachi- (rrachi-)
spin-

Back 80

spinal column

*use "rrachi-" only after a vowel

Front 81

sacr-

Back 81

sacrum; triangular pelvic bone

Front 82

spondyl-
vertebr-

Back 82

vertebra [pl. vertebrae]

spondyl- (GREEK), vertebr- (LATIN)

"spondylos" = column constructed of segments
"vertere" = to turn/twist (mobility)

Front 83

acromi-

Back 83

acromion; the lateral projection of the shoulder blade

Front 84

cleid-
clavic-
clavicul-

Back 84

clavicle; collar bone

Front 85

cost-

Back 85

rib

Front 86

cox-

Back 86

hip; hip joint

Front 87

ili-

Back 87

ilium; upper pelvic bone

Front 88

ischi-

Back 88

ischium; lower pelvic bone

Front 89

scapul-

Back 89

scapula; shoulder blade

Front 90

stern-

Back 90

sternum; breast bone

Front 91

carp-*

Back 91

carpus; carpal bone; wrist; wrist bone

*alternate definition in Mod. 12

Front 92

humer-

Back 92

humerus; upper arm bone

Front 93

metacarp-

Back 93

metacarpal; bone radiating from wrist to fingers

Front 94

olecran-

Back 94

olecranon; elbow

Front 95

phalang-

Back 95

phalanx [pl. phalanges]; finger bone; toe bone

*related to Macedonian phalanx, of Alexander the Great

Front 96

radi-

Back 96

radius; the shorter of the lower arm bones

(LATIN)

resembles the spoke of a wagon wheel

Front 97

uln-

Back 97

ulna; the longer of the lower arm bones

Front 98

acetabul-

Back 98

acetabulum; hip bone socket [into which femur fits]

Front 99

calcane-

Back 99

calcaneus; heel bone

Front 100

condyl-

Back 100

condyle; knuckle [of the fingers or toes]; rounded bone protuberance [which articulate with another bone]

Front 101

femor-

Back 101

femur; thigh bone

Front 102

fibul-

Back 102

fibula; smaller bone of lower leg

Front 103

malleol-

Back 103

malleolus; ankle protuberance

Front 104

patell-

Back 104

patella; knee cap

Front 105

tal-

Back 105

talus; ankle bone

Front 106

tars-

Back 106

tarsus; tarsal bone; ankle; ankle bone

Front 107

metatars-

Back 107

metatarsus; metatarsal bone; bone radiating from the ankle to the toes

Front 108

tibi-

Back 108

tibia; shin bone; larger bone of the lower leg

(LATIN)

"tibia" = flute

Front 109

fasci-

Back 109

fascia; connective tissue enclosing a muscle

Front 110

my-
myos-
muscul-

Back 110

muscle

my(os)- (GREEK), muscul- (LATIN)

3 types [/w my-]
rhabd-o-my = skeletal; striated muscle
lei-o-my = smooth muscle
cardi-o-my = heart/cardiac muscle

Front 111

arthr-
articul-

Back 111

joint

Front 112

burs-

Back 112

bursa; sac of synovial fluid

Front 113

chondr-
cartilag-
cartilagin-

Back 113

cartilage

Front 114

desm-
syndesm-
ligament-

Back 114

ligament

(GREEK + LATIN)

"tying together"

Front 115

disk-

Back 115

disk

Front 116

synovi-

Back 116

synovial fluid; fluid that lubricates the joint synovial membrane

Front 117

fibr-
fibros-

Back 117

fibrous tissue

Front 118

ten-
tend-

Back 118

tendon

(LATIN)

"tendere" = to stretch

Front 119

ankyl-

Back 119

crooked; bent; stiff; fixed; fused; imperforated

"ankyle" = a bent thong used for throwing a javelin

Front 120

lei-

Back 120

smooth

Front 121

phylact-
-phylaxis

Back 121

protection.. of something; against something; by means of a substance or process

Front 122

rhabd-

Back 122

rod; rod-shaped; skeletal; striated

Front 123

skelet-

Back 123

skeletal

Front 124

-agra

Back 124

sudden and severe pain

Front 125

-asthenia

Back 125

absence of strength; weakness

Front 126

-clast

Back 126

instrument used to break

Front 127

-desis

Back 127

surgical immobilization; surgical fusion

Front 128

-ferous

Back 128

bearing; containing

*preceded by c.v. = i

Front 129

-paresis

Back 129

slight paralysis

Front 130

-sthenia

Back 130

strength