Module 8 Skeletal

Front 1

Name the six functions

Back 1

support, protection, assitance in movement, mineral homeostasis, hematopoiesis, storage of triglycerides

Front 2

how many bones are in the human body

Back 2

206

Front 3

mineralized matrix and rich blood supply (highly vascularized)

bone or cartilage

Back 3

BONE

Front 4

non-mineralized matrix made up of chondroitin sulfate. it has a poor blood supply (poorly vascularized)

bone or cartilage

Back 4

CARTILAGE

Front 5

what surrounds a bone

Back 5

periosteum

Front 6

what surrounds cartilage

Back 6

perichondrium

Front 7

what type of bone marrow is inside cavity is responsible for hematopoesis (production of blood cells)

Back 7

Red bone marrow

Front 8

what type of bone marrow is inside cavity stores energy in the form of adipose tissue (triglycerides)

Back 8

yellow bone marrow

Front 9

what percent is water in the chemical constituents of bone

Back 9

25%

Front 10

what percent is organic (collagen fibers) in the chemical constituents of bone

Back 10

25%

Front 11

what percent of mineral salts (inorganic crystals) in the chemical constituents of bone

Back 11

50%

Front 12

what makes up the mineral salts (inorganic crystals) in bone

Back 12

magnesium, fluoride, sulfate, 3 molecules calcium phosphate Ca3 (Po4)2 + 1 molecule calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 --> hydroxyapatite Ca10 (Po4)6(OH)2, CaCo3

Front 13

what type of bone is femur, tibia, fibula, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus

Back 13

Long Bones

Front 14

what type of bone includes tarsals and carpals

Back 14

short bones

Front 15

what type of bone includes cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae, and clavicles

Back 15

flat bones

Front 16

what type of bone includes vertebrae and some facial bones

Back 16

irregular bones

Front 17

what type of bone includes patella and bones formed from stress and tension

Back 17

sesamoid bones

Front 18

what type of bone are small bones located within suture between cranial bones

Back 18

wormian (sutural) bones

Front 19

what bone feature is "knobs" at the end of a bone

Back 19

epiphyses

Front 20

what bone feature is the Shaft of the bone

Back 20

diaphysis

Front 21

what bone feature is transtition from epiphysis to diaphysis

Back 21

Metaphyses

Front 22

what bone feature is places where bones come together

Back 22

articular cartilage

Front 23

what structure of the bone has a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue and is found where there is no articular cartilage. contains osteoblasts that help the bone grow in thickness but not length

Back 23

periosteum

Front 24

what structure of the bone is a membrane that contains osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and connective tissue and lines medullary cavity

Back 24

endosteum

Front 25

what structure of bone has a space within diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Back 25

medullary cavity

Front 26

what structure of bone contains red marrow

Back 26

spongy bone

Front 27

what structure of bone contains few spaces, forms external layer of all bones, and provides protection and support

Back 27

compact bone

Front 28

what structure of the bone has a tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue and is found where there is no articular cartilage. contains osteoblasts that help the bone grow in thickness but not length

Back 28

periosteum

Front 29

what structure of the bone is a membrane that contains osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and connective tissue and lines medullary cavity

Back 29

endosteum

Front 30

what structure of bone has a space within diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Back 30

medullary cavity

Front 31

what structure of bone contains red marrow

Back 31

spongy bone

Front 32

what structure of bone contains few spaces, forms external layer of all bones, and provides protection and support

Back 32

compact bone

Front 33

what structure of bone has a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where bone forms an articular surface to move against another bone

Back 33

articular cartilage

Front 34

name the bone cell that builds cells. synthesizes and secretes collagen fibers and other organic components

Back 34

osteoblasts

Front 35

name the bone cell mature osteoblasts (maintenance)

Back 35

osteocytes

Front 36

name the bone cell that bone-breakdown cells, large and multinucleated

Back 36

osteoclasts

Front 37

what contains units called osteons or Haversian systems which are formed from concentric lamellae

Back 37

compact bone

Front 38

small channels filled with extracellular fluid connection the lacunae

Back 38

canaliculi

Front 39

lamellae between osteons, fragments of older osteons

Back 39

interstitial lamellae

Front 40

lamellae encircle bone beneath periosteum

Back 40

outer circumferential lamellae

Front 41

lamellae encircle medullary cavity

Back 41

inner circumferential lamellae

Front 42

what canals run parallel through length of bone

Back 42

central canals (Haversian)

Front 43

what canals connect nearby central canals by penetrating medio-laterally and join blood and lymphatic vessels between parallel central canals

Back 43

perforating canals (Volkman)

Front 44

what contains meshwork of rod-like trabeculae and red marrow. spongy bone does not contain osteons.

Back 44

spongy bone

Front 45

what type of ossification produces spongy bone which may subsequently be remodeled to form compact bone used for forming flatbones of skull, mandible, and clavicle bone forms from mesenchymal cells

Back 45

intramembranous ossification

Front 46

what type of ossification, used in formation of most bones, especially long bones, involves replacement of cartilage by bone, one primary and two secondary centers of growth

Back 46

endochondral ossification

Front 47

PTH stimulates ...

Back 47

osteoclastic activity and raises serum calcium levels

Front 48

calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) stimulates

Back 48

osteoblast activity and lower serum calcium levels

Front 49

Pth, when high calcium is extracted from bone and used to increase serum calcium.. PTH is a hormone of bone.....

Back 49

breakdown

Front 50

Calitonin, HgH, sex hormomes. when these hormones are hight, calcium is take out of bloodstream and deposited in bone. hormone of bone...

Back 50

growth

Front 51

what vitamin is needed for calcium and phosphorus absorption from small intestine and reabsorption in kidneys

Back 51

Vitamin D

Front 52

fracture of bone that is not completely severe

Back 52

partial fracture

Front 53

fracture of bone that is completely severed in 2 0r more

Back 53

complete

Front 54

fracture of bone occurs from compression of bone

Back 54

impacted

Front 55

fracture of bone in multiple fragments

Back 55

comminuted

Front 56

fracture of bone that is a partial fracture on one side only

Back 56

greenstick fracture

Front 57

fracture that results from twisting forces

Back 57

spiral fracture

Front 58

fracture across the long axis

Back 58

transverse

Front 59

fracture the a broken bone ends not near each other

Back 59

displaced