Module 6 - Comprehensive Xi & Xii

Front 1

1) If a muscle has a tendon that branches within the muscle tissue, it is (a)
A) circular muscle.
B) parallel fibered muscle.
C) multipennate muscle.
D) sphincter muscle.
E) none of the above.

Back 1

C) multipennate muscle.

Front 2

2) When one motor neuron fires a single action potential the result affects one
A) lower motor neuron.
B) upper motor neuron.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) motor unit.
E) sensory unit.

Back 2

D) motor unit.

Front 3

3) Skeletal muscle fibers arise from embryonic cells called
A) epimysium.
B) myomeres.
C) myoblasts.
D) myotomes.
E) none of the above.

Back 3

C) myoblasts.

Front 4

4) When skeletal muscles contract involuntarily it is usually the result of
A) a spinal reflex arc.
B) chemical imbalance.
C) an autonomic reflex.
D) an accidental signal from the brain.
E) none of the above.

Back 4

A) a spinal reflex arc.

Front 5

5) Smooth muscles are primarily used to
A) generate heat.
B) move bones.
C) push substances through tubes.
D) help movements occur smoothly.
E) pump blood through the circulation.

Back 5

C) push substances through tubes.

Front 6

6) Adductor magnus is named partially due to the
A) orientation of muscle fibers.
B) size of muscle.
C) shape of muscle.
D) parallel versus pennate fibered muscles.
E) location of the muscle.

Back 6

B) size of muscle.

Front 7

7) Which of the following features are unique to smooth muscle fibers?
A) They are involuntary and found in the walls of hollow organs.
B) They are involuntary and found in the heart.
C) They are involuntary and contain many nuclei.
D) They are voluntary and responsible for the coordinated movements of the body.
E) They are voluntary and control digestion.

Back 7

A) They are involuntary and found in the walls of hollow organs.

Front 8

8) Muscle fibers can have various arrangements. The most powerful arrangement is called
A) pennate.
B) parallel.
C) convergent.
D) circular.
E) none of the above.

Back 8

A) pennate.

Front 9

9) Which of the following is or are properties of a lever?
A) It is a rigid structure.
B) It is a fixed structure.
C) It moves on a fulcrum.
D) All of the above are true.
E) A and C are true.

Back 9

E) A and C are true.

Front 10

10) Which of the following is the type of muscle found in the heart?
A) smooth muscle.
B) appendicular muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) skeletal muscle.
E) none of the above is the heart muscle types.

Back 10

C) cardiac muscle.

Front 11

11) The attachment of a tendon to a bone is called
A) a tendon.
B) an aponeurosis.
C) a ligament.
D) a capsule.
E) both A and B

Back 11

E) both A and B

Front 12

12) Tropomyosin covering the active sites is an example of
A) allosteric inhibition.
B) enzyme- substrate reaction.
C) competitive inhibition.
D) noncompetitive inhibition.
E) activation.

Back 12

C) competitive inhibition.

Front 13

13) The structures within the muscle fiber that shorten to cause skeletal muscle fiber contraction are (the)
A) myofibrils.
B) myoneural junctions.
C) sarcoplasm.
D) A and C.
E) none of the above.

Back 13

A) myofibrils.

Front 14

14) Slow fibers primarily use which of the following for energy?
A) carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through the aerobic pathway
B) glycogen
C) anaerobic metabolism
D) lipids
E) protein

Back 14

A) carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through the aerobic pathway

Front 15

15) When a muscle contracts only enough to produce tension without movement, this is an example of
A) twitch.
B) atrophy.
C) muscle tone.
D) hypertrophy.
E) activation.

Back 15

C) muscle tone.

Front 16

16) Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle?
A) maintain posture
B) generate heat
C) stabilize joints
D) produce movement
E) all of the above

Back 16

E) all of the above

Front 17

17) The organelle(s) unique to muscle that give(s) it contractile capabilities is (are) the
A) mitochondria.
B) ribosomes.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) myofibril.
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 17

D) myofibril.

Front 18

18) Why are skeletal muscles called voluntary?
A) Only these muscles are stimulated to contract by the central nervous system.
B) The individual can make a conscious decision to contract these muscles.
C) These muscles maintain a constant rhythm of contraction.
D) A and C are correct.
E) None of the above are reasons skeletal muscles are "voluntary."

Back 18

B) The individual can make a conscious decision to contract these muscles.

Front 19

19) When contraction occurs,
A) the H band gets smaller.
B) the Z lines move closer together.
C) the I band begins to disappear.
D) the A band remains constant.
E) all of the above happen.

Back 19

E) all of the above happen.

Front 20

20) Which of the following is true of a muscle that is relaxing?
A) AChE is present in the synaptic cleft.
B) The tendons are taut.
C) Released calcium ions are present.
D) Oxygen is depleted.
E) Both A and C are true.

Back 20

A) AChE is present in the synaptic cleft.

Front 21

21) The area of a myofibril where actin filaments attach to one another is the
A) I band. B) H zone. C) A band. D) Z line. E) M line.

Back 21

D) Z line.

Front 22

22) Regarding a muscle insertion, which of the following is true?
A) As the force of muscle contraction increases, the origin moves toward the insertion.
B) As the speed of the muscle movement increases, the insertion moves further from the
origin.
C) The insertion moves more than does the origin.
D) The insertion is proximal to the origin.
E) All of the above are true.

Back 22

C) The insertion moves more than does the origin.

Front 23

23) Which of the following relates to myosin?
A) they form the globular heads called cross- bridges.
B) they make up the thin filaments.
C) they are made of protein.
D) they interact with the thick filaments.
E) there are no exceptions; all of the above are true.

Back 23

A) they form the globular heads called cross- bridges.

Front 24

24) The portion of a sarcomere that contains the thick filaments and the zone of overlap is the
A) A band. B) I band. C) H band. D) M line. E) Z line.

Back 24

A) A band.

Front 25

25) Which of the following is the first step in the sliding mechanism of muscle contraction?
A) A carbohydrate molecule is broken down to produce energy.
B) The myosin heads of the thick filaments bind to active sites on the thin filaments.
C) The cross- bridges detach and return to their original positions.
D) Thin filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere.
E) Myosin heads pivot toward the M line when cross- bridge binding occurs.

Back 25

A) A carbohydrate molecule is broken down to produce energy.

Front 26

1) Which type of epithelium is present where mechanical stresses are severe?
A) cuboidal epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) endothelium
D) columnar epithelium
E) simple epithelium

Back 26

B) stratified squamous epithelium

Front 27

2) Muscle cells
A) transmit electrical signals.
B) line internal cavities and passageways.
C) contract.
D) are underneath every exposed surface of the body.
E) have all of the above attributes.

Back 27

C) contract.

Front 28

3) Through the process of cell differentiation,
A) each cell becomes able to change its function throughout its life cycle.
B) cells in nearby locations become unable to work together.
C) each cell develops a characteristic set of structural features.
D) each cell becomes capable of performing all vital functions.
E) none of the above happens.

Back 28

C) each cell develops a characteristic set of structural features.

Front 29

4) Neural tissue is characterized by
A) the ability to transmit electrical impulses.
B) cells with branching processes.
C) extremely long cells.
D) neuroglia with varied functions.
E) all of the above describe neural tissue.

Back 29

E) all of the above describe neural tissue.

Front 30

5) Muscle tissue is unique in its ability to
A) use ATP as an energy source.
B) produce powerful contractions.
C) repair itself after damage.
D) do both B and C.
E) do none of the above.

Back 30

B) produce powerful contractions.

Front 31

6) Normal aging causes many effects on the body, including
A) connective tissue becomes more fragile.
B) epithelia become thinner.
C) repair and maintenance activities become less efficient.
D) hormone and lifestyle alterations affect the structure and chemical composition of many tissues.
E) all of the above.

Back 31

E) all of the above.

Front 32

7) Most energy storage in the body is accomplished by which of the following cells?
A) melanocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) adipocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) macrophages

Back 32

C) adipocytes

Front 33

8) The periosteum that surrounds a bone is composed of
A) hyaline cartilage.
B) dense irregular connective tissue.
C) loose connective tissue.
D) stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
E) all of the above except C.

Back 33

B) dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 34

9) Stereocilia are described by which of the following?
A) present in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract
B) very short microvilli
C) manufactured by the Golgi apparatus
D) present on receptor cells of the inner ear
E) all of the above

Back 34

D) present on receptor cells of the inner ear

Front 35

10) Connective tissues form the internal framework of the body that does which of the following?
A) provides a route for the distribution of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
B) provides strength and stability
C) maintains the relative positions of internal organs
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Back 35

D) all of the above

Front 36

11) Which of the following applies to the appendicular musculature? It
A) stabilizes the vertebral column.
B) is involuntary.
C) controls the bowels.
D) is the primary factor in positioning the head.
E) comprises approximately 40 percent of the body's skeletal muscles.

Back 36

E) comprises approximately 40 percent of the body's skeletal muscles.

Front 37

12) An injury called tendinitis
A) is the result of a torn tendon.
B) occurs as a result of prolonged, involuntary, and painful muscular contractions.
C) results from an imbalance in the strength of two muscle groups in the same region.
D) is the result of the inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding a tendon.
E) has none of the above attributes.

Back 37

D) is the result of the inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding a tendon.

Front 38

13) Compartment syndrome results from
A) muscle cramps.
B) stress fractures.
C) tendinitis.
D) ischemia.
E) none of the above.

Back 38

D) ischemia.

Front 39

14) The major groups of appendicular muscles include those of (the)
A) posterior cervical region.
B) vertebral column.
C) shoulder and upper limb region.
D) pelvic girdle and lower limbs.
E) both C and D.

Back 39

E) both C and D.

Front 40

15) The bulges that give the lymphatic vessels the "string of beads" appearance are caused by
A) closely spaced valves within the vessels.
B) thickenings in the endothelial lining of the lymph vessels at evenly spaced intervals.
C) regions of higher pressure within the lymph vessels, which cause the walls to bulge.
D) periodic inflammation of the tissues that remove bacteria and viruses from other body
tissues.
E) none of the above.

Back 40

A) closely spaced valves within the vessels.

Front 41

16) Lymph cells respond most strongly to which of the following?
A) unbalanced ratios of fat to protein in the interstitial fluids.
B) the presence of invading organisms.
C) abnormal body cells.
D) foreign proteins.
E) There are no exceptions; lymphocytes respond to all of the above.

Back 41

E) There are no exceptions; lymphocytes respond to all of the above.

Front 42

17) Lymph nodes
A) do not occur in the brain.
B) filter both blood and lymph.
C) receive lymph through the efferent vessels.
D) manufacture lymph.
E) occur in all regions of the body.

Back 42

A) do not occur in the brain.

Front 43

18) The production of lymphocytes is called
A) lymphogenesis.
B) granulogenesis.
C) lymphopoiesis.
D) erythropoiesis.
E) immunocompetence.

Back 43

C) lymphopoiesis.

Front 44

19) The lymphoid system is composed of
A) lymph nodes.
B) the spleen.
C) lymph.
D) lymphatic vessels.
E) all of the above.

Back 44

E) all of the above.

Front 45

20) Blood vessels and nerves attach to a lymph node at the
A) medulla. B) hilus. C) apex. D) base. E) cortex.

Back 45

B) hilus.

Front 46

21) NK cells attack
A) foreign cells.
B) cancer cells.
C) virus- infected cells.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Back 46

D) all of the above.

Front 47

22) Which of the following is not an example of MALT?
A) Peyer's patches
B) tonsils
C) vermiform appendix
D) spleen
E) no exceptions

Back 47

D) spleen

Front 48

23) Blocking the antigen receptors on the surface of lymphocytes would interfere with
A) the lymphocyte's ability to produce antibody.
B) antigen recognition.
C) phagocytosis of the antigen.
D) the ability of the lymphocyte to present the antigen.
E) A and B.

Back 48

A) the lymphocyte's ability to produce antibody.

Front 49

24) Lymphatic trunks collect lymph from
A) deep lymphatics.
B) both superficial and deep lymphatics.
C) lacteals.
D) superficial lymphatics.
E) none of the above.

Back 49

B) both superficial and deep lymphatics.

Front 50

25) Primary lymphoid structures contain
A) lymph nodes.
B) stem cells that produce lymphocytes.
C) bacteria.
D) RBCs.
E) macrophages.

Back 50

B) stem cells that produce lymphocytes.