Module 5 Class 3

Front 1

type of gland that produces and separates hormones that are secreted into the blood vessels within the gland

Back 1

endocrine

Front 2

an organ that produces a substance to be secreted (some organs are termed gland but do not have the true function of glands).

Back 2

gland

Front 3

constant balancing of the internal environment of the body, that is maintained by the ever-changing process of feedback and regulation in response to internal and external changes

Back 3

homeostasis

Front 4

from the Greek meaning "urging on" (it is a substance originating in an organ, gland, or body part that is carried through the blood to another body part chemically stimulating that part to increase or decrease functional activity or to increase or decrease secretion of another hormone.)

Back 4

hormone

Front 5

to control or adjust body functions and responses

Back 5

regulate

Front 6

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that is a gland-like structure

Back 6

adenohypophysis

Front 7

another name for the pituitary gland because it grows under the cerebrum

Back 7

hypophysis

Front 8

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that's a neural extension of the brain

Back 8

neurohypophysis

Front 9

name derived from an ancient belief that this gland produces spittle

Back 9

pituitary

Front 10

bony structure holding the hypophysis that resembles a Turkish saddle

Back 10

sella turcica

Front 11

corticotrophin-hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex

Back 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 12

stimulates the release of sex-related hormones

Back 12

Gonadotropic hormone

Front 13

stimulates the small, bag-like structures that produce the egg in the female ovary and sperm in the male testes

Back 13

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Front 14

a male hormone that corresponds to LH in the female and controls the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells in the testes

Back 14

Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Front 15

stimulates the production of milk. It is also referred to as prolactin.

Back 15

Lactogenic hormone

Front 16

affects the yellow areas in the ovary of the female

Back 16

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 17

stimulates the cells that contain the dark pigment of skin

Back 17

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Front 18

stimulates the body to grow

Back 18

somatotrophic hormones (STH) or growth hormone (GH)

Front 19

stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Back 19

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotopin

Front 20

a chronic metabolic condition where the face, jaw, and extremities become enlarged and thick (it is caused by the overproduction of growth hormones)

Back 20

acromegaly

Front 21

a disease caused by an injury of the neurophypophyseal system. The individual suffering from the disorder produces excessive amounts of clear, colorless urine and has excessive thirst.

Back 21

diabetes insipidus

Front 22

abnormal development of an unusually small person

Back 22

dwarfism

Front 23

caused by the over-production of the growth hormone in children

Back 23

giantism

Front 24

condition in which all or most of the hormones of the pituitary gland are under-secreted

Back 24

panhypopituitarism

Front 25

removal of the pituitary gland by an incision across the sphenoid sinus

Back 25

transphenoidal hypophysectomy

Front 26

condition in which the thyroid does not produce enough of the thyroid hormone and is characterized, among other things, by physical deformity and mental retardation

Back 26

cretinism

Front 27

type of goiter disease that is characterized by protrusion of the eyes from their sockets

Back 27

exophthalmic goiter

Front 28

enlargement of the throat caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland

Back 28

goiter

Front 29

over-secretion of the thyroid hormones

Back 29

hyperthyroidism

Front 30

condition resulting from hypothyroidism in which one of the signs is that the body is somewhat swollen by mucus deposits in the skin

Back 30

myxedema

Front 31

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Back 31

thyroiditis

Front 32

condition in which the thyroid over-secretes its hormones at such a rate as to act like a poison

Back 32

thyroidtoxicosis

Front 33

state of intermittent severe muscle contractions due to an under- secretion of the parathyroid hormone

Back 33

parathyroid tetany

Front 34

hormone that appears to play an important role in the immune system

Back 34

thymosin

Front 35

hormone that stimulates the release of glucose in the bloodstream

Back 35

glucagon

Front 36

hormone that affects many tissues in the body and inhibits the hormone that affects growth of the body

Back 36

somatostatin

Front 37

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas that controls the metabolism and cellular uptake of sugars, proteins, and fats

Back 37

insulin

Front 38

general term meaning "to go through"; indicating the common symptoms of passing excessive urine

Back 38

diabetes

Front 39

disease in which one of the findings is glucose passing through the urine

Back 39

diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2)

Front 40

condition in which there is a higher amount of glucose in the blood (this is due to a decreased insulin production or the body's resistance to insulin.)

Back 40

hyperglycemia

Front 41

drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (These drugs cause a lowering of blood sugar. Some drugs act to increase the body's sensitivity to insulin.)

Back 41

hypoglycemic agents

Front 42

adrenalin or epinephrine

Back 42

a catecholamine that is secreted when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated (It is a major hormone that responds to stress.)

Front 43

compound made of the amino acid tyrosine that has a marked effect on the nervous and cardiovascular system, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle

Back 43

catecholamine

Front 44

compound that holds substances producing other catecholamines

Back 44

dopamine

Front 45

hormone that is similar to but has a different chemical form than adrenaline

Back 45

noradrenalin (norepinephrine)

Front 46

condition related to the adrenal cortex in which insufficient amounts of the hormones are produced (It is also known as hypoadrenocorticism)

Back 46

adrenocortical insufficiency

Front 47

condition in which there is a group of symptoms that are caused by the over-production of hormones of the adrenal gland (many symptoms are linked to the premature development of the reproductive organs.)

Back 47

adrenogenital syndrome or adrenal virilism

Front 48

condition in which there is an over-secretion of the hormones from the adrenal cortex

Back 48

hyperadrenocroticism

Front 49

condition in which there is an increase in the secretion of the mineralocorticoid hormone from the adrenal cortex

Back 49

hyperaldosteronism

Front 50

tumor of the adrenal medulla in which the cells become dusky in color

Back 50

pheochromocytoma

Front 51

hormone of the outermost layer of the placenta which stimulates the production of some of the sex-related hormones needed during pregnancy

Back 51

chorionic gonadotropin