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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrolysis
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the use of electricity to break a molecule down into smaller units
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A chemical symbol like H2O is called what?
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a chemical formula
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other chemical symbols to know
C |
carbon
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H
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Hydrogen
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CH4 is Methane. What does the "4" after the H (hydrogen) mean?
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there are 4 hydrogen atoms
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CH4:
How many Carbon atoms? |
one
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What is the rule about writing atomic symbols?
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They only have one capital letter in them.
Example: Ne is Neon Fe is Iron |
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The chemical formula for baking soda is NaHCO3. How many atoms make up one molecule of baking soda?
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6 atoms
Na = 1 atom H = 1 atom C = 1 atom O = 3 atoms |
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Acetic acid (vinegar) is
C2H4O2. How many of each atom are present in a molecule of acetic acid? How many atoms are there in all? |
C = 2 atoms
H = 4 atoms O = 2 atoms total atoms 8 atoms |
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what links hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom in a water molecule (H2O)?
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chemical bonds
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A molecule that has a slight positive and negative charges due to an imbalance in the way electrons are shared
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polar molecule
Example: water |
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molecules that have no polarity. The electrons are shared equally between the atoms in certain kinds of molecules They are not affected by electrical charges
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nonpolar molecules
Example :vegetable oil |
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a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
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solvent
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a substance that is dissolved in a solvent
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solute
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a category of substances that have electrical substances in them They are made up of ions. Ions are atoms that have become electrically charged
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ionic compounds
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water does not dissolve gasoline. is gasoline most likely made up of ionic, polar, or nonpolar molecules?
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gasoline is made up of nonpolar molecules. If water cannot dissolve a substance, it is likely that the substance is nonpolar.
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the phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension.
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cohension
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water that has certain dissolved ions in it - predminately calcium and magnesium ions
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hard water
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Name two examples of non-polar molecules
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it has no electrical charge
sand and vegetable oil |
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Sodium and chloride come together to form what common household product?
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table salt
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why is it that water is a liquid at room temperature, while other chemicals similar to water are gases?
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hydrogen bonding keeps the water molecules close together and limits their movement somewhat. as a result, water is a liquid at room temperature.
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