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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Outer Ear |
● Pinna: concentrates & funnels sound energy into ear canal ● Ear Canal: gathers & tansmits the energy inward |
2 parts, what does each do ? |
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Middle Ear |
● Eardrum: converts sound waves into mechanical energy
● Ossicles : convey eardrum movement to fluid-filled cochlea ~ utilize mechanical leverage to amplify the sound ● Eustachian Tube: connects middle ear to naso pharynx |
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Inner Ear |
● Cochlea, auditory nerve, & auditory cortex
● Cochlea is connected to ossicles @ oval window ↳ ossicles move back and forth against oval window, pressure generates waves w/in fluid of cochlea ↳ waves stimulate tiny hairs of cochlear walls ↳ hairs are attached to nerve wiring that send messages to brain when hairs are stimulated |
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Which part of the ear uses acoustic energy? |
Outer Ear |
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Which part of the ear uses mechanical energy? |
Middle Ear |
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What purpose does the Eustachian tube serve? |
° connects middle ear to Nasopharynx ° normally closed, but opened by muscles when yawning & swallowing ↳ allows for equalization of atmospheric pressure on both sides of tymp membrane → efficient transmission of vibration through middle ear to inner ear |
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Common causes of HL (Outer Ear) |
● Prenatal ↳ malformed Pinna ↳ EAC is blocked ↳ parental illness or drug use
● Perinatal ↳ trauma caused by violent uteran contractions ↳ forcep trauma
● Postnatal ↳ Trauma to Pinna (burn, frostbite, etc) ↳ foreign object in EAC blocks sound ↳ excessive cerumen in canal ↳ untreated ear infection (build up of debri) ↳ tympanic membrane thickened , scarred, or burst due to disease or trauma ↳ tumors in EAC |
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Common causes of HL (Middle ear) |
● Prenatal ↳ genetic disorders ↳ craniofacial disorders
● Perinatal ↳ unusual
● Postnatal ↳ Otitis Media ↳ Secretory Otitis Media ↳ Otosclerosis |
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Secretory Otitis Media |
● drop in middle ear pressure ↳ results in a partial vacuum which draws fluid from mucous membrane ● often caused by allergies and enlarged adenoids |
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Myringotomy |
● surgical procedure for when fluid enters middle ear ● lancing of tymp with scalpel to relieve pressure & pain ↳ liquid suctioned out, PE tube placed through incision for months or years |
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Otosclerosis |
● primarily seen in adults ● calcification of ossicles ↳ fused together ↳ deprives system of its ability to amplify through leverage |
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Causes of HL (Inner Ear) |
● Prenatal ↳ genetic ↳ anoxia : deprivation of oxygen to fetus ↳ maternal viral infections ● Perinatal ↳ birth process Can be harmful to inner ear ● Postnatal ↳ Otitis Media ↳ Bacterial Meningitis ↳ Damage to cochlea by noise |
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Damage to Auditory nerve & cortex |
● auditory nerve damage usually produces pronounced diffs in hearing as well as discrimination of among sounds of speech ● damage to higher auditory centers affects processing of auditory info but does not always affect hearing sensitivity |
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Causes of HL (auditory nerve & cortex) |
● Prenatal ↳ genetic disorder ↳ maternal viral infections ● Perinatal ↳ trauma to head ↳ loss of oxygen to blood ● Postnatal ↳ trauma ↳ tumor |
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Conductive HL |
● damage or dysfunction of OUTER and/or MIDDLE ear ● involves mechanical dysfunction ● tends to be temporary, but can become permanent ● responds well to hearing aids |
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which is the most common type of HL? |
Conductive * also the mildest * |
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Sensorineural HL |
● abnormalsties within INNER ear affecting cochlea, auditory nerve, or brain ● likely to be permanent ● residual hearing quality = distorted like improperly tuned radio ↳ will not do well with hearing aid |
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Mild HL |
● 26-45 dB
● Hard of Hearing
● Cannot hear sounds below 26 dB & may not hear as loud as 45 dB (VAST MAJORITY OF ALL SPEECH SOUNDS) ↳ will miss about 50% of what's said
● 1/3 of elementary children affected @ any given time.
● will benefit from preferential seating, hearing aid, or FM sound field ↳ SLP help to develop vocals & Lang |
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Moderate HL |
● 46-65 dB ● Hard of Hearing ● No speech sounds heard ● Amplification is essential, socialization with normally hearing peers becomes diff. ● SpEd support often needed for language development, reading, and writing |
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Severe HL |
● 66-85 dB ● Deaf ● may hear loud noises about 1ft away from ear ● if prelingual, oral language may not develop spontaneously ● individual hearing aid is essential |
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Audiogram for Conductive HL |
● air conduction threshold higher than normal ● bone conduction = typical |
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Audiogram for Sensorineural HL |
● same amount of loss by bone conduction as air conduction |
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Audiogram for Mixed HL |
● greater loss of hearing for air conduction than bone |
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2 portions of Inner ear |
● Vestibular: motion sensitive. responsible for balance & equilibrium ● Cochlea: pressure sensitive . Convert mechanical energy into electrochemical signal |
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most common type of OUTER ear related HL... |
impacted ceremun |
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Atresia |
failure of canal to form and/or absence of Pinna Absence of pinna can cause 10dB HL (mild) |
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Single most common conductive HL in children caused by... |
fluid in Middle ear infected material enters from sinus cavity through Eustachian tube |
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removal of tumor from auditory nerve often leads to... |
loss of hearing on affected side even if it was mild HL to begin with |
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what is the best predictor of how pt will perform during word recognition test ? |
bone conduction audiogram because sensorineural → speech distortion |
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