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34 Cards in this Set
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refers to the energy that is emitted by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. |
Solar radiation |
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This energy travels through space and reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, where it can be absorbed or reflected by various substances, such as the Earth’s surface, clouds, and gases in the atmosphere |
Solar radiation |
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refers to the amount of solar radiation that is received by a surface, such as the Earth’s surface or the surface of a solar panel, perunit area. |
Solar irradiance |
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It is typically measured in watts per square meter. |
Solar irradiance |
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is another term for solar radiation or solar energy. |
Solar irradiation |
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It refers to the energy that is emitted by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves and that reaches a surface, such as the Earth’s surface or a solar panel. |
Solar irradiation |
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It can be measured in different ways, including by the amount of solar radiation that is received by a surface per unite area, or by the amount of solar energy that is received over a period of time. |
Solar irradiation |
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Composition of solar radiation |
VISIBLE LIGHT INFRARED RADIATION ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION OTHER COMPONENTS |
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FACTORS INFLUENCING SOLAR RADIATION |
Atmospheric factors, geographical factors, seasonal variations |
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Atmospheric factors |
Atmospheric composition -gases, aerosols, clouds Aerosols and particles -natural source (volcano eruption, wildfire) -anthropogenic source (industrial processes, factories, vehicles) |
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Geographical factors |
Latitude Altitude |
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Seasonal variations |
EARTH’S TILT AND SEASONS SUN PATH AND SOLAR DECLINATION |
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The amount of radiation reaching the earth is less than what entered the top of the atmosphere. |
Solar radiation |
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It is absorbed, scattered and reflected by components of the atmosphere. |
Solar radiation |
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Atmospheric effects |
Direct normal irradiance Diffuse irradiance Albedo irradiance Global horizontal irradiance Global in-plane irradiance |
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radiation from the sun that reaches the earth without scattering. |
Direct normal irradiance |
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radiation that is scattered by the atmosphere, clouds, and may arrive from all directions. |
Diffuse irradiance |
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a direct or diffuse radiation reflected from the soil or nearby surfaces (snow, lakes, etc.) |
Albedo irradiance |
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total amount of shortwave radiation received from above by horizontal surface. It includes both Direct Normal Irradiance and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance. |
Global horizontal irradiance |
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total amount of radiation received from above by an inclined surface. |
Global in-plane irradiance |
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is a device that can be used to measure both beam radiation and diffuse radiation. |
Pyranometer |
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is a device used for measuring direct beam radiation at normal incidence. -specialized instrument use to measure direct solar radiation |
Phyrheliometer |
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measures solar radiation spectrally resolved |
Spectroradiometer |
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Measurement techniques |
Beam radiation Diffuse radiation Total radiation |
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direct sunlight. |
Beam radiation |
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solar radiation scattered by aerosols, dust and molecules. |
Diffuse radiation |
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also known as global radiation. |
Total radiation |
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Amount of radiation depends on |
-time of day -season -latitude -altitude -atmosoheric circulation/condition |
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Processes driven by Solar Radiation |
Photosynthesis Evaporation Atmospheric circulation Water cycle |
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Visible to naked eye (wavelenght/spectrum) |
Visible light |
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-high energy (shorter wavelenght) -beyond violet spectrum |
Ultraviolet radiation |
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It is a longer wavelength radiation beyond the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum |
Infrared radiation |
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-xray -gamma ray -radio waves |
Other components |
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It refers to the latitude at which the sun is diretly overhead at solar noon, shifting between tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricorn |
Solar declination |
