Module 2, Quiz 1

Front 1

Saggital Plane

Back 1

divides body into L & R

Hint 1

between the eyes

Front 2

Transverse Plane

Back 2

Divides body into Superior & Inferior

Hint 2

through the torso

Front 3

Coronal Plane

Back 3

divides body into Ventral & Dorsal

Hint 3

elevator doors

Front 4

Anterior vs Posterior

Back 4

Ant: Nose

Post: tail

Front 5

Proximal vs Distal

Back 5

Prox: Near center

Distal: Far from center

Front 6

Cranial vs Caudal

Back 6

Cranial: toward the head

Caudal: toward the tail

Front 7

Afferent vs Efferent

Back 7

Afferent: toward CNS

Efferent: away from CNS

Hint 7

A is for Approach

E is for Exit

Front 8

CNS

Back 8

Central Nervous System

Brain & Spine

Front 9

PNS

Back 9

Peripheral Nervous System

nerves emerging from CNS

Front 10

Dendrites

Back 10

carry nerve impulses into cell body

Hint 10

Afferent

Front 11

Axons

Back 11

conduct nerve impulses away from cell body

Hint 11

Efferent

Front 12

What carries info across synaptic clefts?

Back 12

Neurotransmitters

Front 13

Myelin

Back 13

~ insulates axons of nerves

~ speeds nerve impulses

~ grows until late childhood

~ damage → srs neuro probs (MS)

Front 14

3 Anatomical Divisions of Brain

Back 14

1. Cerebrum

2. Cerebellum

3. Brainstem

Front 15

Brainstem (structure)

Back 15

1. Diencephalon

2. Mesencephalon

3. Reticular Formation

4. Pons

5. Medulla Oblongata

Hint 15

5 components

Front 16

Diencephalon

Back 16

Part of Brainstem

● Thalamus: integrates sensory info

● Hypothalamus: regulates emotion & motivation

Hint 16

2 parts

Front 17

Mesencephalon

Back 17

Middle part of Brainstem

● Relay & Reflex centers for Aud f(x)

~ inf. colliculus controls auditory reflexes (adjusting ear to loudness of a sound)

Hint 17

aka Midbrain

Used at Mastodon Concert

Front 18

Reticular Formation

Back 18

Runs⬆&⬇Brainstem

● Primary mech for attn & consciousness

● integrates sensory impulses flowing INTO, & motor impulses flowing OUT of the brain

Hint 18

"got the booty goin' UP... DOWN"

Front 19

Pons

Back 19

Part of Brainstem

● in front of cerebellum

● Connects Cerebellum halves & each half w/ opposite-side's cerebral hemi

● links cortex & medulla

Front 20

Medulla

Back 20

stem of Brainstem

● Controls breathing

● Site where sensory & motor nerve fibers cross to opposite sides (contralateral innervation)

Hint 20

contralateral innervation

Front 21

Brainstem (functions)

Back 21

● 1st step in Information Processing

● Sorts/Directs nerve impulses to apropriate higher centers of brain

Hint 21

sorting hat of the brain

Front 22

Cerebellum

Back 22

● lies behind brainstem & below Cerebrum

● regulates equilibrium, coordinates fine motor movements

● damage → often significant & resistant to therapy (dysarthria)

Hint 22

little brain

Front 23

Pyramidal System

Back 23

● provides structural basis for volitional movements

~ control & speed of fine motor movements (like speech)

● postural control as well (breath support)

Hint 23

pyramids are strong as the shape provides structure & support

Front 24

Extrapyramidal System

Back 24

● Connects cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus

● targets neurons involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements & postural control

~ involuntary movements

Front 25

Longitudinal Fissure

Back 25

delineates L & R hemis

Hint 25

Saggital

Front 26

Fissure of Rolando

Back 26

separates Frontal & Parietal lobes

Hint 26

Rolando's headband

Front 27

Fissure of Sylvius

Back 27

defines upper border of Temporal lobe

Hint 27

Sylvius separates speech centers

Front 28

Gyri vs Fissures

Back 28

Gyri = grooves on cortex

Fissures = valleys on cortex

Front 29

Meninges

Back 29

Sheaths & protects cerebrum & spinal cord

Front 30

Association Fibers

Back 30

connect areas w/in the same hemi

Front 31

Commissural Fibers

Back 31

connect corresponding areas in L&R hemis

Front 32

Projection Fibers

Back 32

connect CNS w/cortical sensory & motor areas

Front 33

Internal Carotid Artery

Back 33

supplies blood to areas of the brain involved in speech & Iang

Front 34

Lobes of Brain

Back 34

1. Frontal

2. Parietal

3. Occipital

4. Temporal

Hint 34

4

Front 35

Frontal Lobe

Back 35

● Activates & controls fine motor activity

● Controls executive f(x)

● Motor Cortex: control lip, jaw, tongue & Larynx movement

● Broca's Area (speech coordination)

Hint 35

2 things it controls

2 areas of note

Front 36

Parietal Lobe

Back 36

● Perceives perceptual info (touch, temp, pressure)

● Involved in comp of oral & written lang

Hint 36

2 things it does

Front 37

Temporal Lobe

Back 37

● Auditory Cortex: interprets auditory info from both ears

● Wernicke's Area: language comprehension

Hint 37

2 Areas of note

Front 38

Occipital Lobe

Back 38

Receives / Processes visual info

Front 39

Where is the first step in info processing?

Back 39

the brainstem