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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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was first described by Ivan Pavlov. The term CLASSICAL or RESPONDENT CONDITIONING is used to explain REFLEXIVE responding that is largely controlled by stimuli that precede the response.
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Pavlov’s dog experiment.
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Pavlov was studying the role of saliva in digestion. He restrained a dog and collected saliva by an implanted cannula. He would then present meat powder to the dog. After a number of trials, Pavlov noticed that the dog would start to salivating before the meat powder was presented, i.e., salivated in response to clicking sound made by devise used to distribute powder. Pavlov experimented further by pairing meat powder with various other stimuli such as a bell. He would ring the bell, then release the meat powder and found the dog soon began to salivate as soon as the bell was rung. Previous to the pairing of the bell with the meat powder, the bell was a neutral stimulus but through the procedure, the bell acquired the capacity to elicit the response of salivation. This demonstrates what we call STIMULUS-RESPONSE BONDS or – the basic building blocks of learning of learning that are formed by events in the subject’s environment.
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UNCONDITIONED ASSOCIATION
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Natural, unlearned association, i.e., meat powder salivation.
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UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)
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A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned (unlearned) response without previous conditioning. (meat powder). A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning.
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UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR):
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Unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs automatically without previous conditioning (salivation)
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CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)
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A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. (bell).
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CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)
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A learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning (salivation).
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The UCR and the CR are basically the same behavior – salivation, the difference is the stimulus that evoked it. In Pavlov’s experiment, the CR and the UCR were both salivation but what evoked the UCR was the meat powder, the CR was evoked by the bell. This became known as the CONDITIONED REFLEX
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a reflex because they are relatively autonomic or involuntary.
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